Table 2 Univariate analyses between potential confounders and outcomes under study (N = 799)
| Â | Low birth weight | Preterm birth | CS or instrumental delivery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | RR (95% CI) | n (%) | RR (95% CI) | n (%) | RR (95% CI) | |
Age, mean (SD) | 28.5 (4.7) | 0.94 (0.89–0.98 | 29.2 (4.6) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) | 30.2 (4.8) | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) |
Educational level | ||||||
 Primary/secondary | 45 (12.5) | 1 | 26 (7.2) | 1 | 100 (27.7) | 1 |
 Tertiary | 48 (11.0) | 0.76 (0.52–1.18) | 23 (5.3) | 0.66 (0.38–1.17) | 112 (25.6) | 0.85 (0.65–1.11) |
Occupation | ||||||
 Home maker | 46 (13.3) | 1 | 29 (8.4) | 1 | 89 (25.8) | 1 |
 Employed | 47 (10.4) | 0.72 (0.48–1.08) | 20 (4.4) | 0.49 (0.28–0.88) | 123 (27.1) | 0.98 (0.74–1.28) |
Monthly household income | ||||||
 High income | 10 (6.0) | 1 | 5 (3.0) | 1 | 52 (31.0) | 1 |
 Middle income | 42 (10.3) | 1.86 (0.93–3.71) | 22 (5.4) | 1.92 (0.73–5.07) | 95 (23.4) | 0.79 (0.56–1.11) |
 Low income | 41 (18.2) | 3.91 (1.95–7.84) | 22 (9.8) | 4.02 (1.51–10.68) | 65 (28.9) | 1.16 (0.80–1.67) |
BMI | ||||||
 Overweight/obesity | 38 (7.4) | 1 | 24 (4.7) | 1 | – | – |
 Normal weight | 29 (11.9) | 1.40 (0.86–2.27) | 13 (5.3) | 1.02 (0.52 2.00) |  |  |
 Underweight | 26 (60.5) | 10.50 (6.36–17.32) | 12 (27.9) | 7.24 (3.61–14.49) |  |  |
BMI mean (SD) |  |  |  |  | 28.2 (6.0) | 1.04 (1.01–1.06) |
Social support, mean (SD) | 65.4 (11.6) | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 63.6 (13.7) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 66.1 (9.9) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) |
Parity | ||||||
 Multipara | 42 (8.0) | 1 | 28 (5.3) | 1 | 128 | 1 |
 Primipara | 51 (18.8) | 2.42 (1.61–3.65) | 21 (7.7) | 0.85 (0.84–2.63) | (24.2) 84 (31.0) | 1.33 (1.01–1.75) |
Physical abuse ever | ||||||
 No | 79 (10.2) | 1 | 41 (5.3) | 1 | 206 (26.5) | 1 |
 Yes | 14 (66.7) | 8.39 (4.73–14.89) | 8 (38.1) | 9.71 (4.53–20.81) | 6 (28.6) | 1.43 (0.63–3.22) |
Physical abuse during pregnancy | ||||||
 No | 88 (11.2) | 1 | 46 (5.9) | 1 | 208 (26.5) | 1 |
 Yes | 5 (38.5) | 2.96 (1.20–7.33) | 3 (23.1) | 3.67 (1.13–11.87) | 4 (30.8) | 0.98 (0.36–2.64) |
Depression in earlier pregnancy | ||||||
 No | 76 (10.6) | 1 | 41 (5.7) | 1 | 192 (26.8) | 1 |
 Yes | 16 (20.3) | 1.99 (1.16–3.42) | 8 (10.1) | 1.85 (0.86–3.95) | 19 (24.1) | 0.97 (0.61–1.56) |
Antepartum depressive symptoms | ||||||
 No | 55 (7.8) | 1 | 32 (4.6) | 1 | 177 (25.2) | 1 |
 Yes | 38 (38.8) | 6.43 (4.21–9.82) | 17 (17.3) | 4.65 (2.56–8.44) | 35 (35.7) | 1.80 (1.25–2.59) |
Antepartum anxiety symptoms | ||||||
 No | 51 (8.9) | 1 | 28 (4.9) | 1 | 136 (23.9) | 1 |
 Yes | 42 (18.3) | 1.90 (1.26–2.85) | 21 (9.2) | 1.77 (1.01–3.11) | 76 (33.2) | 1.29 (0.97–1.70) |
Newborn’s sex | ||||||
 Girl | 38 (10.1) | 1 | 18 (4.8) | 1 | 97 (25.9) | 1 |
 Boy | 55 (13.0) | 1.23 (0.85–1.95) | 31 (7.3) | 1.51 (0.85–2.69) | 115 (27.1) | 1.05 (0.80–1.38) |
Complications during delivery | ||||||
 No | 89 (11.5) | 1 | 47 (6.1) | 1 | 190 (24.6) | 1 |
 Yes | 4 (15.4) | 1.45 (0.53–3.94) | 2 (7.7) | 1.34 (0.33–5.52) | 22 (84.6) | 3.86 (2.48–6.01) |
Birth weight, mean (SD) | – | – | – | – | 3.0 (0.5) | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) |
Gestational week, mean (SD) | – | – | – | – | 39.9 (1.5) | 0.85 (0.78–0.92) |