Independent variables | Percent (%) | Mean ± SD (range) / Median (IQR, 25, 75%) |
---|---|---|
Socio-demographic factors | ||
Location | ||
a. Padang | 5.60 | |
b. Padang Pariaman | 18.50 | |
c. Payakumbuh | 26.30 | |
d. Lima Puluh Kota | 32.80 | |
e. Pariaman | 16.80 | |
Geographical statusa | ||
a. Coastal | 40.90 | |
b. Mountainous | 59.10 | |
Urban statusb | ||
a. Urban | 48.70 | |
b. Rural | 51.30 | |
Age (year) | 29.77 ± 5.68 (min = 17, max = 44) | |
Age groups | ||
a. ≤20 | 3 | |
b. 21–25 | 23.70 | |
c. 26–30 | 28 | |
d. > 30 | 45.30 | |
Educational status | ||
a. Primary school | 28.90 | |
b. Secondary school | 40.50 | |
c. Tertiary school | 30.60 | |
Working status | ||
a. Working | 32.80 | |
b. Not working | 67.20 | |
Household income per month (IDR) | IDR 2.400 (1.400) (min = IDR 700, max = IDR 48.000) | |
Household members | 3 (1) (min = 4, max = 7) | |
Pregnancy profiles | ||
Gestational age (week) | 10 (4) (min = 5, max = 12) | |
Parity status | ||
a. Nulliparous | 25.40 | |
b. Multiparous | 74.60 | |
Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 55.48 ± 11.33 (min = 36, max = 95) | |
Height (cm) | 154.35 ± 6.0 (min = 140, max = 176) | |
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 23.45 ± 4.56 (min = 14.10, max = 37) | |
Maternal weight of 1st trimester (kg) | 56.15 ± 11.87 (min = 31, max = 93.9) | |
Upper arm circumference (cm) | 27 ± 3.79 (min = 17, max = 38) | |
Smoking status | ||
a. Yes | 2.60 | |
b. No | 97.40 | |
Spontaneous abortion | ||
a. Yes | 11.60 | |
b. No | 88.40 | |
History of preterm birth | ||
a. Yes | 3 | |
b. No | 97 | |
Blood pressure (mmHg) | ||
a. Systolic | 110.39 ± 11.32 (min = 90, max = 150) | |
b. Diastolic | 75.41 ± 7.11 (min = 60, max = 90) | |
Factors related to vitamin D intake | ||
Consuming supplement before pregnancy | ||
a. Yes | 12.90 | |
b. No | 87.10 | |
Consuming supplement during 1st trimester | ||
a. Yes | 38.40 | |
b. No | 61.60 | |
Calcium and vitamin D supplementsa | ||
a. Yes | 16.40 | |
b. No | 83.60 | |
Intake of vitamin D from food | 5.32 (3.10) (min = 0.37, max = 23.63) | |
The level of vitamin D from food | 3.40 | |
a. ≥15 mcg/day (adequate) | 96.60 | |
b. < 15 mcg/day (inadequate) | ||
Intake of calcium from food | 459.230 (367.87) (min = 353.27, max = 721.14) | |
The level of calcium from food | ||
a. ≥1300 mg/day (adequate) | 9.90 | |
b. < 1300 mg/day (inadequate) | 90.10 |