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Table 2 Distribution of types of disrespect and abuse reported by mothers during child birth, JUMC, Oct to Dec 2016

From: Prevalence of disrespect and abuse during facility based child birth and associated factors, Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

Categories of disrespect and abuse

Types of disrespect and abuse (n = 290)

Number (%)

Physical harm or ill-treatment

mother did not cared for in a culturally appropriate way

218 (75.2)

mother denied food/fluid without medical indication

108 (37.2)

mother did not receive pain-relief as necessary

103 (35.5)

mother and newborn were separated without medical indication

35 (12.1)

mother was physically confined

7 (2.4)

physical force was used (e.g. slapping/hitting the mother)

7 (2.4)

Non-consented care

service provider did not introduce him/herself to the mother

232 (80.0)

mother was not encouraged to ask questions

220 (75.9)

consent or permission prior to any procedure not obtained

185 (63.8)

service provider did not explain what is being done and expected outcome during labor and birth

150 (51.7)

periodic updates on status and progress of labor not given

143 (49.3)

service provider did not answer questions promptly, politely and truthfully

129 (44.5)

mother not allowed to move about during labor

111 (38.3)

mother not allowed to take position of choice during childbirth

32 (11.0)

Non-confidential care

curtains or other visual barriers not used

237 (81.7)

Non-dignified care

service provider did not speak politely

95 (32.8)

mother was insulted, intimidated, threaten, or coerced

55 (19.0)

Discrimination on specific grounds/ characteristics

mother shown disrespect based on religion or ethnicity or place of residence, etc.

47 (16.2)

a language or language-level that mother cannot understand was used

39 (13.4)

Abandonment or denial of care

provider did not arrive quickly when called

105 (36.2)

mother was not encouraged to call provider if needed

85 (29.3)

mother was left alone or unattended

56 (19.3)

Detention or confinement in facilities

mother was delayed in health facility against her will

75 (25.9)

Overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse

mothers who faced disrespect and abuse in at least one of the seven categories

266 (91.7)