Table 6 Definitions of terms and covariates used in the study
Health services | |
 Sub health centre (SHC) | Targeted to whole population Staffed by generalist nurse, vaccinator, midwife Provide antenatal care, postnatal care, growth monitoring, vaccination and integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) clinics but no delivery care or emergency care (emergency cases are stabilised and referred to BHC, CHC or DH) [15]. |
 Basic health centre (BHC) | Targeted to whole population Staffed by generalist nurse, vaccinator, midwife Provide services as above, but also assistance to normal deliveries (emergency cases are stabilised and referred to BHC, CHC or DH) [15]. |
 Comprehensive health centre (CHC) | Targeted to whole population Staffed by generalist nurse, vaccinator, midwife, doctor Provide services as above, but also basic emergency obstetric care from a midwife which includes manual removal of placenta and retained products, blood transfusion, basic laboratory services. Also provides vaccination outreach (one outreach service per CHC) [15] |
 District hospital (DH) | Targeted to whole population Staffed by generalist nurse, vaccinator, midwife, doctor Provide services as above, but also comprehensive emergency obstetric care from a doctor or nurse which includes surgery, anaesthesia and Caesarean section. No outreach vaccination service [15]. |
 Health facility density | Population per health facility |
Socio-demographics | |
 Poorest wealth quintile | Women scored in asset index as being in the lowest 20% of the population [20]. |
 No female education | Women with no formal education [20]. |
Any female | Â |
Access | |
 Remote | District centre more than 2 h by any form of transport from provincial capital [14]. |
 Mountainous | More than 1800 km elevation at highest point of district [14]. |
 High security risk | Use of armed force between warring parties in a conflict dyad, state-based or non-state, resulting in deaths). 25 deaths or less in the previous 12 months is categorised as low intensity security risk, 25–100 is categorised as moderate intensity security risk and 100+ is categorised as high intensity security risk [13]. |