Table 4 ANC, PNC and CHW home visiting compared between intervention and control areas by quintile

Overall

n = 2427

n = 2425

n = 4852

n = 3871

 Baseline (n = 2363)

760/1173 (64.8%)

1039/1190 (87.3%)

 Endline (n = 2489)

957/1254 (76.3%)

729/1235 (59.0%)

 Difference

11.5%

−28.3%

39.8% (0.35–0.45)

< 0.001

45.0% (0.18–0.72)

0.004

Quintile 1 (poorest)

n = 273

n = 599

n = 872

n = 706

 Baseline (n = 449)

70/107 (65.4%)

288/342 (84.2%)

 Endline (n = 423)

88//166 (53.0%)

101/257 (39.3%)

 Difference

−12.4%

−44.9%

32.5% (0.19–0.46)

< 0.001

43.2% (−0.17–1.03)

0.145

 Quintile 2

n = 467

n = 378

n = 845

n = 746

 Baseline (n = 421)

138/212 (65.1%)

192/209 (91.9%)

 Endline (n = 424)

153/255 (60.0%)

74/169 (43.8%)

 Difference

5.1%

−48.1%

43.0% (0.31–0.55)

< 0.001

55.4% (0.10–1.00)

0.021

Quintile 3

n = 353

n = 384

n = 872

n = 800

 Baseline (n = 448)

179/287 (62.4%)

151/161 (93.8%)

 Endline (n = 424)

174/201 (86.6%)

143/223 (64.1%)

 Difference

24.2%

−29.7%

53.9% (0.43–0.64)

< 0.001

58.0% (0.23–0.94)

0.004

Quintile 4

n = 440

n = 435

n = 875

n = 780

 Baseline (n = 453)

162/240 (67.5%)

171/213 (80.3%)

 Endline (n = 422)

174/200 (87.0%)

144/222 (64.9%)

 Difference

19.5%

−15.4%

34.9% (0.24–0.46)

< 0.001

29.0% (−0.08–0.66)

0.112

Quintile 5

n = 508

n = 358

n = 866

n = 839

 Baseline (n = 445)

157/238 (66.0%)

183/207 (88.4%)

 Endline (n = 421)

260/270 (96.3%)

125/151 (82.8%)

 Difference

30.3%

−5.6%

35.9% (0.26–0.46)

< 0.001

28.8% (−0.04–0.61)

0.077

Overall

n = 2415

n = 2407

n = 4822

n = 3850

 Baseline (n = 2339)

571/1164 (49.1%)

764/1175 (65.0%)

 Endline (n = 2483)

905/1251 (72.3%)

690/1232 (56.0%)

 Difference

23.2%

−9.0%

32.3% (0.27–0.38)

< 0.001

31.8% (− 0.05–0.68)

0.080

Quintile 1 (poorest)

n = 273

n = 596

n = 869

n = 707

 Baseline (n = 445)

56/107 (52.3%)

241/338 (71.3%)

 Endline (n = 424)

78/166 (47.0%)

99/258 (38.4%)

 Difference

−5.3%

−32.9%

27.6% (0.13–0.42)

< 0.001

37.5% (− 0.38–1.13)

0.296

Quintile 2

n = 467

n = 373

n = 840

n = 743

 Baseline (n = 418)

112/212 (52.8%)

145/206 (70.4%)

 Endline (n = 422)

140/255 (54.9%)

73/167 (43.7%)

 Difference

2.1%

−26.7%

28.7% (0.15–0.42)

< 0.001

43.7% (− 0.16–1.04)

0.137

Quintile 3

n = 482

n = 383

n = 865

n = 791

 Baseline (n = 444)

142/282 (50.4%)

115/162 (71.0%)

 Endline (n = 421)

163/200 (81.5%)

133/221 (60.2%)

 Difference

31.1%

−10.8%

41.9% (0.30–0.54)

< 0.001

45.8% (−0.47–096)

0.071

Quintile 4

437

n = 433

n = 870

n = 775

 Baseline (n = 448)

120/237 (50.6%)

113/211 (53.6%)

 Endline (n = 422)

177/200 (88.5%)

141/222 (63.5%)

 Difference

37.9%

9.9%

27.9% (0.16–0.40)

< 0.001

21.6% (−0.25–0.68)

0.332

Quintile 5

n = 506

n = 535

n = 859

n = 834

 Baseline (n = 437)

106/236 (44.9%)

99/201 (49.3%)

 Endline (n = 422)

260/270 (96.3%)

125/152 (82.2%)

 Difference

51.4%

32.9%

18.4% (0.07–0.30)

0.002

8.4% (−0.41–0.58)

0.716

Overall

n = 2433

n = 2436

n = 4869

n = 3860

 Baseline (n = 2414)

529/1186 (44.6%)

637/1228 (51.9%)

 Endline (n = 2455)

519/1247 (41.6%)

338/1208 (28.0%)

 Difference

−3.0%

−23.9%

20.9% (0.15–0.26)

< 0.001

12.2% (−0.27–0.51)

0.508

Quintile 1 (poorest)

n = 275

n = 611

n = 886

n = 707

 Baseline (n = 466)

71/110 (64.6%)

219/356 (61.5%)

 Endline (n = 420)

19/165 (11.5%)

32/255 (12.6%)

 Difference

−53.1%

−48.9%

−4.1% (−0.16–0.08)

0.511

−1.9% (− 0.76–0.72)

0.954

Quintile 2

n = 473

n = 392

n = 865

n = 750

 Baseline (n = 444)

121/218 (55.5%)

105/226 (46.5%)

 Endline (n = 421)

36/255 (14.1%)

28/166 (16.9%)

 Difference

−41.4%

−29.6%

−11.8% (−0.24- -0.00)

0.049

6.4% (−0.53–0.66)

0.819

Quintile 3

n = 489

n = 377

n = 866

n = 790

 Baseline (n = 456)

142/291 (48.8%)

66/165 (40.0%)

 Endline (n = 410)

73/198 (36.9%)

61/212 (28.8%)

 Difference

−11.9%

− 11.2%

−0.7% (−0.14–0.12)

0.916

−2.8% (−0.60–0.55)

0.917

Quintile 4

n = 436

n = 432

n = 868

n = 773

 Baseline (n = 448)

92/239 (38.5%)

91/219 (41.6%)

 Endline (n = 410)

92/197 (46.7%)

78/213 (36.6%)

 Difference

8.2%

−5.0%

13.1% (0.00–0.26)

0.050

0.0% (−0.35–0.35)

0.999

Quintile 5

n = 509

n = 359

n = 868

n = 840

 Baseline (n = 447)

61/239 (25.5%)

111/208 (53.4%)

 Endline (n = 421)

242/270 (89.6%)

101/151 (66.9%)

 Difference

64.1%

13.5%

50.5% (0.38–0.63)

< 0.001

34.5% (−0.18–0.87)

0.175