Elevated diastolic blood pressure until mid-gestation is associated with preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age birth: a population-based register study

Table 4 The risk of preeclampsia by stage 1 hypertension in early gestation and changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from early to mid-gestation

^cBP changes until mid-gestation	Preeclampsia total
	Early gestation blood pressure^d
	Normal (< 130/80 mmHg) n = 56,491		Stage 1 hypertension^e n = 7996
	%	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^f	%	Adjusted OR (95% CI)^f
Systolic BP^c
Lowered^a	2.8	1.0	6.5	1.9 (1.7–2.2)
Elevated^b	3.2	1.1 (1.0–1.2)	9.0	2.8 (2.3–3.4)
Diastolic BP^c
Lowered^a	2.6	1.0	6.6	2.2 (1.9–2.5)
Elevated^b	3.9	1.4 (1.3–1.6)	9.9	3.4 (2.6–4.4)

^cBP Blood pressure. The changes in systolic and diastolic BP from early to mid-gestation were categorized in the following groups; a) lowered BP, defined as no change or decrease by 1 mmHg or more and b) elevated BP, defined as an increase by 1 mmHg or more between early to mid-gestation. ^dBlood pressure before 16 weeks. ^eStage 1 hypertension: Systolic BP 130–139 mmHg or diastolic BP 80–89 mmHg.^fAdjusted OR (95% CI): Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for maternal body mass index, smoking, age, recurrent miscarriages before the index pregnancy and country of birth

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