Table 3 ANC booking date and socio-demographic and clinical factors of women who deliverd or presented for hospital care leading to a pregnancy outcome in three tertiary hospitals, Bhutan, May–August 2018 (N = 868)
Categories | Early ANC Booking (n, %) | Late ANC booking (n, %) | Unadjusted analyses | Adjusted analyses | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PR (95% CI) | p-value | aPR (95% CI) | p-value | |||
Age (n = 866) | ||||||
16–17 years | 2 (29) | 5 (71) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.944 | ||
18–24 years | 53 (30) | 125 (70) | Ref | – | ||
25–34 years | 183 (33) | 378 (77) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.468 | ||
≥ 35 years | 32 (27) | 88 (73) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.556 | ||
Gravidity | ||||||
Primigravida | 118 (37) | 205 (63) | Ref | – | ||
Multigravida | 153 (28) | 392 (72) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.012 | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.780 |
Parity | ||||||
Nullipara | 126 (37) | 217 (63) | Ref | – | ||
Primipara (P1) | 97 (32) | 205 (68) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.217 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.544 |
Multipara (P2-P4) | 46 (22) | 164 (78) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.251 |
Grand-multipara (≥P5) | 2 (15) | 11 (85) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.020 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.501 |
Level of education of mother (n = 866) | ||||||
None | 41 (25) | 124 (75) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.005 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.189 |
Non-formal education | 24 (30) | 57 (70) | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 0.082 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.958 |
Primary education | 26 (21) | 95 (79) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.034 |
Secondary education | 124 (34) | 245 (66) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.141 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.252 |
Graduate education | 52 (41) | 74 (59) | Ref | – | ||
Others | 2 (100) | 0 (0) | – | – | – | 0.982 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | 204 (37) | 341 (63) | Ref | – | ||
Rural | 67 (21) | 256 (79) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | < 0.001 |
Pre-existing hypertension in mother | ||||||
Yes | 15 (47) | 17 (53) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.111 | – | – |
No | 256 (31) | 580 (69) | Ref | – | ||
Mother Rh negative (n = 862) | ||||||
Yes | 2 (29) | 5 (71) | 1.0 (0.7–1.7) | 0.875 | – | – |
No | 267 (31) | 588 (69) | Ref | – | ||
Past low birth weight baby | ||||||
Yes | 1 (11) | 8 (89) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.031 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.647 |
No | 270 (31) | 589 (69) | Ref | – | ||
Hepatitis B infection (n = 858) | ||||||
Negative | 264 (31) | 585 (69) | Ref | 0.471 | ||
Positive | 4 (44) | 5 (56) | 0.8 (0.4–1.4) | – | – | – |