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Table 1 Calculations of total body surface area exposed to ultra violet B radiation: Combination of Mosteller and Wallace Formula

From: Optimizing ultraviolet B radiation exposure to prevent vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the tropical zone: report from cohort study on vitamin D status and its impact during pregnancy in Indonesia

 

Clothing

Exposed area

Percentage

Without hijab

Long sleeved top, long bottom (trousers or skirt)

Head, neck, hands, feet

9 + (2*2.5) + (2*2) = 18

Short sleeved top, short bottom (trousers or skirt)

Head, neck, part of upper arms, lower arms, hands, part of upper thighs, knees, calves, shinbones, feet

9 + (2*6) + (2*13.5) = 48

Short sleeved top, long bottom (trousers or skirt)

Head, neck, part of upper arms, lower arms, hands, feet

9 + (2*6) + (2*2) = 25

With hijab

Long top and bottom without socks

Face, hands, feet

4.5 + (2*2.5) + (2*2) = 13,5

Long top and bottom with socks

Face, hands

3 + (2*2.5) = 8