|
Groups
|
Studies
|
Test of association
|
Heterogeneity
|
|---|
|
RR (95% CI)
|
P value
|
Model
|
Z
|
Chi square
|
P value
|
I square
|
|---|
|
Total studies
|
48
|
1.71 (1.11–2.62)
|
0.015
|
Random
|
2.44
|
26,313.92
|
< 0.001
|
99.8%
|
|
Subgroup analyses
|
|
Study design
|
|
Cohort
|
43
|
1.73 (1.10–2.72)
|
0.018
|
Random
|
2.36
|
25,159.19
|
< 0.001
|
99.8%
|
|
Case control
|
5
|
1.46 (0.97–2.20)
|
0.070
|
Random
|
1.81
|
28.38
|
< 0.001
|
85.9%
|
|
Time Period
|
|
1999–2010
|
18
|
1.64 (1.31–2.05)
|
< 0.001
|
Random
|
4.29
|
117.09
|
< 0.001
|
85.5%
|
|
2010–2017
|
30
|
1.74 (0.97–3.09)
|
0.062
|
Random
|
1.87
|
25,671.51
|
< 0.001
|
99.9%
|
|
Region
|
|
Asia
|
11
|
1.71 (1.53–1.92)
|
< 0.001
|
Random
|
9.38
|
17.12
|
0.072
|
41.6%
|
|
Europe
|
26
|
1.74 (0.95–3.21)
|
0.075
|
Random
|
1.78
|
25,090.51
|
< 0.001
|
99.9%
|
|
America
|
11
|
1.78 (1.31–2.41)
|
< 0.001
|
Random
|
3.70
|
52.30
|
< 0.001
|
80.9%
|
- RR Relative Risk, CI Confidence Interval
