Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes, and control pregnancies, in Kronoberg, Sweden

Table 4 Factors affecting odds for large for gestational age (LGA) in mothers with any diabetes (type 1 (TIDM, type 2 (T2DM) or gestational diabetes (GDM)), or no diabetes, in Kronoberg

	LGA Any Diabetes COR(95%CI)	p	LGA No diabetes COR(95%CI)	p	LGA GDM COR(95%CI)	p	LGA T1DM COR(95%CI)	p	LGA T2DM COR(95%CI)	p
Diabetes type (T1DM vs no diabetes) (T1DM vs GDM)		< 0.0001	–	–	ns	0.47	7.2 (3.3–16.0)^b 9.5 (3.9–22.8)	< 0.0001 < 0.0001	ns	0.39
Maternal Age > 30 years	ns	0.40	ns	0.29	ns	0.47	22.1 (3.7–132)	< 0.001	ns	0.78
Parity (being multipara vs first)	2.5 (1.0–5.9)^a	0.04	ns	0.29	ns	0.46	9.3 (2.0–42)^c	0.004	ns	1.0
Marital status (living alone vs not)	ns	0.28	4.2 (0.88–20.4)	0.07	8.7 (1.1–69)	0.04	ns	0.78	ns	0.15
Ethnicity (Asian or African vs Caucasian	ns ns	0.16 0.59	ns ns	1.0 1.0	ns ns	0.97 0.25	ns	1.0-	ns ns	1.0
Pregestational BMI ≥25 kg/m²	ns	0.39	ns	0.27	ns	0.15	4.0 (0.96–16.5)	0.058	ns	1.0
Pregestational BMI ≥30 kg/m²	ns	0.14	ns	0.13	3.2 (0.92–11.4)	0.066	ns	0.14	ns	1.0
Gestational weight gain (GWG) ≥8 kg	3.8 (1.4–10.5)	0.01	ns	0.17	3.8 (0.8–18.4)	0.094	ns	0.17	ns	0.13
Week of delivery < 37 weeks (vs ≥37 weeks)	ns	0.15	ns	1.0	ns	0.72	ns	0.85	ns	0.62
Smoking	ns	0.48	ns	0.85	ns	0.48	ns	0.69	ns	1.0
Physical activity (Inactive or 1-3 times/week vs >3 times/week)	ns	0.14	ns	0.28	ns	0.21	ns	0.58	ns	0.44
APGAR 5 min (< 7 vs ≥7)	ns	0.15	ns	0.67	ns	0.50	ns	0.70	ns	1.0

^aFirst pregnancy in mothers with any type of diabetes had lower risk of LGA, COR 0.41 (0.17–0.97), p = 0.04, but it was ns for mothers without diabetes (p = 0.29). ^bNagelkerke R² = 0.16. ^c Nagelkerke R² = 0.31

ISSN: 1471-2393