Table 1 Summary of secondary hypertension and its clinical features in pregnancy

Chronic kidney disease

0.9%

Albuminuria,hypercreatinine,edema,hypertension

Screen albuminuria, serum creatinine and Renal ultrasound

Pheochromocytoma

0.007%

sustained or paroxysmal hypertension, palpitation, cardiomyopathy,impaired glucose tolerance

24-h urinary fractionated metanephrines and catecholamines

and plasma fractionated metanephrines;

Using abdominal

ultrasound or a non-contrast MRI for localization of tumor

Primary aldosteronism

0.6–0.8%

increased secretion of aldosterone, low plasma renin activity, and hypertension, hypokalemia.

increased Plasma aldosterone concentrations and suppressed plasma renin activity;

Abdominal ultrasonography or MRI scan can be performed if there is high clinical suspicion for an adrenal mass.

Renovascular hypertension

(including fibromuscular dysplasia and Takayasu’s arteritis)

–

Hypertension at a young age(<35 years) with abdominal vascular murmurs

ultrasound examination, MRI, angiography

Cushing’s syndrome

–

Weight gain, striae, Moon Face,facial acne,impaired glucose tolerance

24 h urine free cortisol elevation, loss of circadian fluctuation in cortisol;

Using abdominal ultrasound or a non-contrast MRI for localization of tumor

obstructive sleep apnea

4.9%

Snoring, hypertension

Polysomnography

Other uncommon cause