Table 2 Biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress at baseline and after 6-wk intervention in women with gestational diabetes who received either magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D or placebo

FPG (mg/dL)

95.1 ± 5.4

94.2 ± 5.7

-0.9 ± 4.5

93.1 ± 2.5

88.8 ± 4.7

-4.3±4.9

0.008

Magnesium (mg/dL)

1.7 ± 0.2

1.7 ± 0.2

− 0.05 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.1

1.8 ± 0.2

0.1 ± 0.2

0.002

Zinc (mg/dL)

83.9 ± 8.1

84.3 ± 8.1

0.4 ± 2.6

80.3 ± 8.8

84.4 ± 9.1

4.1 ± 1.8

< 0.001

Calcium (mg/dL)

9.1 ± 0.5

9.2 ± 0.5

0.1 ± 0.1

9.1 ± 0.4

9.4 ± 0.4

0.3 ± 0.4

0.001

25-OH-vitamin D (ng/mL)

13.5 ± 3.6

17.3 ± 3.1

3.8 ± 1.2

12.6 ± 4.2

18.7 ± 4.7

6.1 ± 3.5

0.001

hs-CRP (mg/L)

6.3 ± 2.0

7.0 ± 2.6

0.8 ± 2.0

6.9 ± 1.7

5.7 ± 3.7

−1.2 ± 3.5

0.01

Total nitrite (μmol/L)

40.9 ± 10.3

41.2 ± 17.7

0.3 ± 15.3

43.1 ± 5.5

44.3 ± 6.1

1.2 ± 7.1

0.76

TAC (mmol/L)

694.8 ± 111.6

678.4 ± 89.9

−16.3 ± 93.5

619.4 ± 81.1

657.6 ± 98.1

38.2 ± 76.5

0.01

GSH (μmol/L)

475.9 ± 112.0

466.9 ± 109.2

−9.0 ± 96.6

474.2 ± 121.7

486.1 ± 115.6

11.9 ± 63.7

0.32

MDA (μmol/L)

3.0 ± 0.7

3.3 ± 1.3

0.3 ± 1.1

2.9 ± 0.3

2.6 ± 0.2

−0.3 ± 0.3

0.003