Table 1 Associations between birth outcomes and infant and maternal characteristics for 28,119 WA Aboriginal singletons born 1998–2010
Characteristic | Overall (column %) | Small for gestational age (row %) | Preterm birth (row %) | Perinatal death (row %) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |||
Risk factors of interest | ||||||||
 Maternal smoking | Yes | 13,292 (47) | 2821 (21) | 10,435 (79) | 1974 (15) | 11,318 (85) | 267 (2) | 13,025 (98) |
No | 14,827 (53) | 1584 (11) | 13,212 (89) | 1679 (11) | 13,148 (89) | 197 (1) | 14,630 (99) | |
 Alcohol misuse | Yes | 799 (3) | 286 (36) | 509 (64) | 187 (23) | 612 (77) | 27 (3) | 772 (97) |
No | 27,320 (97) | 4119 (15) | 23,138 (85) | 3466 (13) | 23,854 (87) | 437 (2) | 26,883 (98) | |
 Drug misuse | Yes | 1824 (6) | 488 (27) | 1334 (73) | 454 (25) | 1370 (75) | 38 (2) | 1786 (98) |
No | 26,295 (94) | 3917 (15) | 22,313 (85) | 3199 (12) | 23,096 (88) | 426 (2) | 25,869 (98) | |
 Assault against mother | Yes | 2015 (7) | 523 (26) | 1482 (74) | 395 (20) | 1620 (80) | 37 (2) | 1978 (98) |
No | 26,104 (93) | 3882 (15) | 22,165 (85) | 3258 (12) | 22,846 (88) | 427 (2) | 25,677 (98) | |
Demographic factors | ||||||||
 Infant’s sex | Male | 14,161 (50) | 2304 (16) | 11,824 (84) | 1865 (13) | 12,296 (87) | 241 (2) | 13,920 (98) |
Female | 13,958 (50) | 2101 (15) | 11,823 (85) | 1788 (13) | 12,170 (87) | 223 (2) | 13,735 (98) | |
 Maternal age (years) | 12–15 | 556 (2) | 93 (17) | 457 (83) | 89 (16) | 467 (84) | 16 (3) | 540 (97) |
16–19 | 5717 (20) | 1077 (19) | 4621 (81) | 750 (13) | 4967 (87) | 91 (2) | 5626 (98) | |
20–24 | 9008 (32) | 1403 (16) | 7584 (84) | 1144 (13) | 7864 (87) | 138 (2) | 8870 (98) | |
25–29 | 6816 (24) | 973 (14) | 5832 (86) | 827 (12) | 5989 (88) | 111 (2) | 6705 (98) | |
30–34 | 3994 (14) | 574 (14) | 3412 (86) | 532 (13) | 3462 (87) | 62 (2) | 3932 (98) | |
35–50 | 2028 (7) | 285 (14) | 1741 (86) | 311 (15) | 1717 (85) | 46 (2) | 1982 (98) | |
 Parity | 0 | 8636 (31) | 1634 (19) | 6979 (81) | 1034 (12) | 7602 (88) | 138 (2) | 8498 (98) |
1 | 6898 (25) | 973 (14) | 5911 (86) | 858 (12) | 6040 (88) | 100 (1) | 6798 (99) | |
2 or more | 12,585 (45) | 1798 (14) | 10,757 (86) | 1761 (14) | 10,824 (86) | 226 (2) | 12,359 (98) | |
Infections during pregnancy | ||||||||
 Vaginitis | Yes | 1747 (6) | 305 (17) | 1439 (83) | 464 (27) | 1283 (73) | 43 (2) | 1704 (98) |
No | 26,372 (94) | 4100 (16) | 22,208 (84) | 3189 (12) | 23,183 (88) | 421 (2) | 25,951 (98) | |
 Urinary tract infection | Yes | 3997 (14) | 720 (18) | 3269 (82) | 639 (16) | 3358 (84) | 89 (2) | 3908 (98) |
No | 24,122 (86) | 3685 (15) | 20,378 (85) | 3014 (12) | 21,108 (88) | 375 (2) | 23,747 (98) | |
 Herpes simplex | Yes | 320 (1) | 33 (10) | 286 (90) | 42 (13) | 278 (87) | 6 (2) | 314 (98) |
No | 27,799 (99) | 4372 (16) | 23,361 (84) | 3611 (13) | 24,188 (87) | 458 (2) | 27,341 (98) | |
 Gonorrhoea | Yes | 192 (1) | 56 (30) | 133 (70) | 44 (23) | 148 (77) | n.p. | n.p. |
No | 27,927 (99) | 4349 (16) | 23,514 (84) | 3609 (13) | 24,318 (87) | n.p. | n.p. | |
 Chlamydia | Yes | 255 (1) | 47 (21) | 177 (79) | 44 (20) | 181 (80) | 5 (2) | 220 (98) |
No | 27,894 (99) | 4358 (16) | 23,470 (84) | 3609 (13) | 24,285 (87) | 459 (2) | 27,435 (98) | |
 Group B streptococcus | Yes | 1333 (5) | 208 (16) | 1124 (84) | 256 (19) | 1077 (81) | 22 (2) | 1311 (98) |
No | 26,786 (95) | 4197 (16) | 22,523 (84) | 3397 (13) | 23,389 (87) | 442 (2) | 26,344 (98) | |
 Other infections | Yes | 148 (1) | 40 (27) | 107 (73) | 26 (18) | 122 (82) | 6 (4) | 142 (96) |
No | 27,971 (99) | 4365 (16) | 23,540 (84) | 3627 (13) | 24,344 (87) | 458 (2) | 27,513 (98) | |
Other maternal conditions | ||||||||
 Diabetes | Yes | 1841 (7) | 151 (8) | 1688 (92) | 373 (20) | 1468 (80) | 46 (2) | 1795 (98) |
No | 26,278 (93) | 4254 (16) | 21,959 (84) | 3280 (12) | 22,998 (88) | 418 (2) | 25,860 (98) | |
 Hypertension | Yes | 2811 (10) | 503 (18) | 2303 (82) | 579 (21) | 2232 (79) | 45 (2) | 2766 (98) |
No | 25,308 (90) | 3902 (15) | 21,344 (85) | 3074 (12) | 22,234 (88) | 419 (2) | 24,889 (98) | |
 Obesity | Yes | 600 (2) | 39 (7) | 559 (93) | 116 (19) | 484 (81) | 13 (2) | 587 (98) |
No | 27,519 (98) | 4366 (16) | 23,088 (84) | 3537 (13) | 23,982 (87) | 451 (2) | 27,068 (98) | |
 Mental health | Yes | 2017 (7) | 328 (16) | 1686 (84) | 357 (18) | 1660 (82) | 47 (2) | 1970 (98) |
No | 26,102 (93) | 4077 (16) | 21,961 (84) | 3296 (13) | 22,806 (87) | 417 (2) | 25,685 (98) | |
 Heart disease | Yes | 225 (1) | 35 (16) | 190 (84) | 48 (21) | 177 (79) | 5 (2) | 220 (98) |
No | 27,894 (99) | 4370 (16) | 23,457 (84) | 3605 (13) | 24,289 (87) | 459 (2) | 27,435 (98) | |
 Asthma | Yes | 3136 (11) | 477 (15) | 2657 (85) | 424 (14) | 2712 (86) | 42 (1) | 3094 (99) |
No | 24,983 (89) | 3928 (16) | 20,990 (84) | 3229 (13) | 21,754 (87) | 422 (2) | 24,561 (98) | |
Total | Â | 28,119 (100) | 4405 (16) | 23,647 (84) | 3653 (13) | 24,466 (87) | 464 (2) | 27,655 (98) |