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Fig. 1 | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

Fig. 1

From: A large proportion of poor birth outcomes among Aboriginal Western Australians are attributable to smoking, alcohol and substance misuse, and assault

Fig. 1

Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of birth outcomes from smoking, alcohol misuse, drug misuse, and assault. Adjusted odds ratios are for 28,119 Aboriginal singleton infants born in Western Australia, 1998–2010. Bars are 95% confidence intervals. Each model adjusted for maternal smoking, drug misuse, alcohol misuse, assault, maternal height and diabetes. The model for SGA also included an interaction between maternal smoking and drug misuse, infant sex, parity, hypertension (pre-existing hypertension complicating pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, and eclampsia), obesity, gonorrhoea, herpes, and other infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster). The model for preterm birth also included an interaction between drug misuse and vaginitis (vaginitis, candida and trichomoniasis), maternal age, parity, infant’s year of birth, hypertension, heart disease, urinary tract infection, Group B streptococcus, obesity, mental health conditions, and gonorrhoea. The model for perinatal death also included maternal age and urinary tract infection. Confidence intervals are dashed for risks with interactions and solid otherwise

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