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Table 2 Analysis of infant birth weight stratified by BMI

From: Maternal body mass index and risk of neonatal adverse outcomes in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Characteristics

LBW

SGA

Macrosomia

LGA

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

No. of Studies

Pooled OR (95% CI)

P-value

Underweight

Sample size

 ≤ 10,000

8

2.22 (1.10–4.52)

0.187

6

2.03 (1.37–3.00)

0.394

20

0.46 (0.38–0.55)

0.350

4

0.55 (0.46–0.67)

0.367

 10,000~50,000

5

1.37 (1.13–1.65)

 

3

1.78 (1.61–1.97)

 

6

0.52 (0.41–0.66)

 

3

0.44 (0.31–0.62)

 

 ≥ 50,000

2

1.28 (1.14–1.43)

 

1

1.46 (1.37–1.55)

 

1

0.56 (0.51–0.61)

 

0

NA

 

BMI cut-off

 WHO

1

3.52 (1.66–7.49)

0.233

2

1.85 (0.64–2.07)

0.841

4

0.41 (0.25–0.67)

0.843

1

0.32 (0.25–0.41)

0.073

 APS

3

2.14 (0.59–7.72)

 

0

NA

 

3

0.60 (0.34–1.07)

 

0

NA

 

 WGOC

11

1.43 (1.24–1.64)

 

8

1.74 (1.46–2.06)

 

20

0.49 (0.44–0.55)

 

6

0.52 (0.44–0.62)

 

BMI source

 Recorded

11

1.72 (1.39–2.14)

0.239

4

1.88 (1.47–2.41)

0.698

18

0.51 (0.43–0.60)

0.332

3

0.50 (0.37–0.67)

0.225

 Measured

1

1.30 (0.97–1.73)

 

2

1.53 (1.28–1.83)

 

1

0.54 (0.45–0.63)

 

2

0.59 (0.53–0.66)

 

 Self-reported

0

NA

 

1

2.28 (0.75–6.92)

 

3

0.48 (0.39–0.58)

 

0

NA

 

 Questionnaire

1

1.64 (0.96–2.80)

 

3

1.73 (1.21–2.48)

 

2

0.52 (0.30–0.88)

 

2

0.38 (0.26–0.55)

 

 Not reported

2

0.88 (0.34–2.23)

 

0

NA

 

3

0.37 (0.23–0.60)

 

0

NA

 

Language

 English

3

1.31 (1.18–1.44)

0.486

5

1.70 (1.46–1.99)

0.717

5

0.50 (0.44–0.57)

0.975

3

0.39 (0.32–0.49)

0.009

 Chinese

12

1.81 (1.31–2.50)

 

5

1.75 (1.52–2.02)

 

22

0.48 (0.41–0.58)

 

4

0.59 (0.53–0.65)

 

Confounders

 Adjusted

5

1.24 (1.13–1.37)

0.307

8

1.63 (1.44–1.85)

0.022

7

0.56 (0.47–0.68)

0.127

6

0.48 (0.38–0.61)

0.967

 Unadjusted

10

1.95 (1.38–2.75)

 

2

3.66 (1.46–9.16)

 

20

0.45 (0.38–0.53)

 

1

0.48 (0.32–0.72)

 

Geographic region

 North China

6

1.31 (0.94–1.83)

0.510

4

1.82 (1.67–2.00)

0.914

12

0.45 (0.41–0.49)

0.212

3

0.43 (0.37–0.50)

0.764

 South China

7

2.08 (1.41–3.05)

 

6

1.77 (1.43–2.20)

 

14

0.50 (0.40–0.63)

 

4

0.49 (0.36–0.68)

 

 All

2

1.52 (1.19–1.94)

 

0

NA

 

1

0.59 (0.51–0.67)

 

0

NA

 

Overweight/Obesity

Sample size

 ≤ 10,000

8

1.24 (0.90–1.71)

0.718

6

1.21 (0.84–1.73)

0.135

20

2.05 (1.75–2.40)

0.284

4

1.67 (1.40–1.98)

0.162

 10,000~50,000

5

1.04 (0.81–1.34)

 

3

0.69 (0.64–0.75)

 

6

1.75 (1.52–2.01)

 

3

2.06 (1.76–2.41)

 

 ≥ 50,000

2

1.32 (1.04–1.68)

 

1

0.84 (0.75–0.94)

 

1

1.83 (1.68–1.99)

 

0

NA

 

BMI cut-off

 WHO

1

1.34 (0.54–3.33)

0.731

2

1.29 (0.31–5.38)

0.733

4

1.90 (1.19–3.04)

0.776

1

2.41 (2.19–2.64)

0.067

 APS

3

1.19 (0.79–1.80)

 

0

NA

 

3

1.90 (1.13–3.18)

 

0

NA

 

 WGOC

10

1.15 (0.97–1.36)

 

8

0.89 (0.74–1.05)

 

20

1.92 (1.76–2.10)

 

6

1.79 (1.58–2.02)

 

BMI source

 Recorded

11

1.19 (1.05–1.35)

0.621

4

0.77 (0.69–0.86)

0.392

18

2.03 (1.82–2.27)

0.446

3

1.66 (1.28–2.16)

0.097

 Measured

1

0.35 (0.14–0.85)

 

2

0.99 (0.54–1.82)

 

1

1.89 (1.57–2.30)

 

2

1.78 (1.56–2.03)

 

 Self-reported

0

NA

 

1

2.82 (1.29–6.17)

 

3

1.28 (0.95–1.71)

 

0

NA

 

 Questionnaire

1

2.08 (1.31–3.32)

 

3

0.97 (0.54–1.73)

 

2

1.90 (1.30–2.78)

 

2

2.38 (2.18–2.60)

 

 Not reported

2

0.92 (0.44–1.93)

 

0

NA

 

3

2.13 (1.72–2.65)

 

0

NA

 

Language

 English

3

1.28 (1.09–1.50)

0.367

5

0.77 (0.65–0.91)

0.167

5

1.57 (1.33–1.85)

0.028

3

2.02 (1.69–2.42)

0.329

 Chinese

12

1.06 (0.83–1.36)

 

5

1.12 (0.85–1.47)

 

22

2.06 (1.84–2.31)

 

4

1.74 (1.51–2.01)

 

Confounders

 Adjusted

5

1.34 (1.08–1.65)

0.064

8

0.88 (0.73–1.05)

0.824

7

1.60 (1.37–1.88)

0.026

6

1.86 (1.61–2.15)

0.714

 Unadjusted

10

1.09 (1.00–1.20)

 

2

1.02 (0.60–1.76)

 

20

2.08 (1.86–2.33)

 

1

2.05 (1.45–2.89)

 

Geographic region

 North China

6

1.16 (0.99–1.35)

0.805

4

1.04 (0.68–1.57)

0.584

12

1.69 (1.49–1.92)

0.041

3

1.85 (1.58–2.16)

0.807

 South China

7

1.28 (0.98–1.66)

 

6

0.84 (0.67–1.04)

 

14

2.18 (1.87–2.55)

 

4

1.88 (1.45–2.42)

 

 All

2

1.04 (0.80–1.35)

 

0

NA

 

1

2.18 (2.02–2.36)

 

0

NA

 
  1. NA not available, BMI body mass index, WHO World Health Organization, APS Asia-Pacific standard, WGOC Working Group on Obesity in China, LGA large for gestational age, SGA small for gestational age, LBW low birth weight, PTB premature birth