Table 1 Health service utilization for delivery at different levels of independent variables
Variable | Utilized healthcare service for delivery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | Total | p-value | |
N (%) | (%) | N (%) | Â | |
Individual-level factors | 7720 (38.2) | 12,472 (61.8) | 20,192 (100.0) | Â |
Age | ||||
 15–24 | 1676 (32.4) | 3504 (67.6) | 5180 (100.0) |  |
 25–34 | 3848 (40.7) | 5616 (59.3) | 9464 (100.0) |  |
 35+ | 2196 (39.6) | 3352 (60.40 | 5548 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Education | ||||
 No education | 1171 (12.8) | 8000 (87.2) | 9171 (100.0) |  |
 Primary | 1713 (41.7) | 2400 (58.3) | 4113 (100.0) |  |
 Secondary/higher | 4836 (70.0) | 2072 (30.0) | 6908 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Household wealth index | ||||
 Poor | 642 (9.5) | 6089 (90.5) | 6731 (100.0) |  |
 Middle | 2327 (34.6) | 4405 (65.4) | 6732 (100.0) |  |
 Rich | 4751 (70.6) | 1978 (29.4) | 6729 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Occupation | ||||
 Not working | 1848 (29.3) | 4461 (70.7) | 6309 (100.0) |  |
 Working | 5872 (42.3) | 8011 (57.7) | 13,883 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Marital status | ||||
 Never married | 247 (45.9) | 291 (54.1) | 538 (100.0) |  |
 Ever married | 7473 (38.0) | 12,181 (62.0) | 19,654 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Mass media exposure | ||||
 Never exposed | 1160 (16.9) | 5696 (83.1) | 6856 (100.0) |  |
 Exposed | 6560 (49.2) | 6776 (50.8) | 13,336 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Antenatal care attendance | ||||
 Never attended | 606 (8.4) | 6596 (91.6) | 7202 (100.0) |  |
  < 4 visits | 697 (28.1) | 1786 (71.9) | 2483 (100.0) |  |
 4 or more visits | 6417 (61.1) | 4090 (38.9) | 10,507 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Community-level factors | ||||
 Residence | ||||
  Urban | 4420 (65.1) | 2370 (34.9) | 6790 (100.0) |  |
  Rural | 3300 (24.6) | 10,102 (75.4) | 13,402 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
 Getting to health facility | ||||
  Not a problem | 6293 (45.7) | 7491 (54.3) | 13,784 (100.0) |  |
  A problem | 1427 (22.3) | 4981 (77.7) | 6408 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity diversity index | Â | Â | 2.50 (2.81) | Â |
 Socioeconomic disadvantage | ||||
  Tertile 1 (least disadvantaged) | 4603 (68.3) | 2139 (31.7) | 6742 (100.0) |  |
  Tertile 2 | 2663 (39.5) | 4078 (60.5) | 6741 (100.0) |  |
  Tertile 3 (most disadvantaged) | 454 (6.8) | 6255 (93.2) | 6709 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
State-level factors | ||||
 Socioeconomic disadvantage | ||||
  Tertile 1 (least disadvantaged) | 4550 (64.4) | 2520 (35.6) | 7070 (100.0) |  |
  Tertile 2 | 2441 (33.9) | 4766 (66.1) | 7207 (100.0) |  |
  Tertile 3 (most disadvantaged) | 729 (12.3) | 5186 (87.7) | 5915 (100.0) | < 0.001 |