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Table 3 Maternal/perinatal complications and adverse outcomes by mode of conception in all pregnancies, pregnancies with singletons, and pregnancies with multiples

From: Complications and adverse outcomes in pregnancy and childbirth among women who conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a nationwide birth cohort study of Japan environment and children’s study

 

Natural conception

OI without ART

Conventional IVT-ET

ICSI

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

All women and a fetus/neonate born ≥22 weeks

 Maternal outcomes

N = 90,506

N = 3939

N = 1476

N = 1671

  Placenta previa

489

0.5

22

0.6

36

2.4

30

1.8

  Placental abruption

382

0.4

19

0.5

8

0.5

19

1.2

  MAP

172

0.2

9

0.2

17

1.2

24

1.5

  Gestational diabetes

2304

2.6

138

3.5

76

5.2

80

4.8

  PIH

2632

2.9

177

4.5

101

6.9

107

6.5

  Cesarean section

16,433

18.5

933

24.2

563

38.6

617

37.8

  Blood transfusion

377

0.4

20

0.5

36

2.4

38

2.3

  ICU admission

105

0.1

8

0.2

7

0.5

15

0.9

  Maternal death

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 Fetal/neonatal outcomes

N = 89,576

N = 4067

N = 1518

N = 1699

  Stillbirth

230

0.3

17

0.4

10

0.7

5

0.3

  Preterm birth < 37 w

4768

5.3

423

10.4

184

12.1

181

10.7

  Low birth weight < 2500 g

7980

8.9

651

16.0

243

16.0

245

14.4

Women with a singleton pregnancy and singleton born ≥22 weeks

 Maternal outcomes

N = 88,873

N = 3702

N = 1407

N = 1586

  Placenta previa

486

0.5

20

0.5

34

2.4

28

1.8

  Placental abruption

380

0.4

18

0.5

8

0.6

19

1.2

  MAP

172

0.2

8

0.2

17

1.2

24

1.5

  Gestational diabetes

2271

2.6

132

3.6

72

5.1

75

4.7

  PIH

2573

2.9

165

4.5

93

6.6

102

6.4

  Cesarean section

15,912

18.0

780

21.2

509

36.5

558

35.6

  Blood transfusion

368

0.4

16

0.4

33

2.4

37

2.3

  ICU admission

97

0.1

5

0.1

7

0.5

12

0.8

  Maternal death

10

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 Fetal/neonatal outcomes

N = 88,337

N = 3682

N = 1393

N = 1570

  Stillbirth

216

0.2

8

0.2

8

0.6

4

0.3

  Preterm birth

4153

4.7

211

5.7

120

8.6

119

7.6

  Low birth weight < 2500 g

7141

8.1

373

10.1

159

11.4

159

10.1

Women with multiple pregnancies and multiples born ≥22 weeks

 Maternal outcomes

N = 625

N = 189

N = 63

N = 66

  Placenta previa

3

0.5

1

0.5

2

3.2

2

3.1

  Placental abruption

2

0.3

1

0.5

0

0

0

0

  MAP

0

0

1

0.5

0

0

0

0

  Gestational diabetes

31

5.1

6

3.2

4

6.3

5

7.8

  PIH

57

9.4

12

6.5

8

12.7

5

7.8

  Cesarean section

518

85.8

151

81.2

54

87.1

59

92.2

  Blood transfusion

9

1.5

3

1.6

3

4.8

1

1.6

  ICU admission

8

1.3

3

1.6

0

0

3

4.7

  Maternal death

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 Fetal/neonatal outcomes

N = 1209

N = 383

N = 125

N = 129

  Stillbirth

13

1.1

9

2.3

2

1.6

1

0.8

  Preterm birth

613

50.7

212

55.4

64

51.2

62

48.1

  Low birth weight < 2500 g

838

69.3

278

72.8

84

67.2

86

66.7

  1. ART assisted reproductive technologies, ICSI intracytoplasmic sperm injection, ICU intensive care unit, IVF-ET in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, MAP morbidly adherent placenta, OI ovulation induction, PIH pregnancy-induced hypertension
  2. Proportions were calculated excluding cases with missing data