Table 1 Individual, household and community level characteristics of children < 24 months of age, Ethiopia 2016
Characteristics | Overall | Initiation of breastfeeding | |
|---|---|---|---|
(n = 4121) | Within first hour (n = 3064) | After first hour (n = 1057) | |
Individual level factors | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) |
Socio-demographic factors | |||
 Maternal working status (past 12 months) | |||
  Non-working | 2427 (58.9) | 1810 (59.1) | 617 (58.3) |
  Working | 1694 (41.1) | 1254 (40.9) | 440 (41.7) |
 Maternal education | |||
  No education | 2487 (60.4) | 1851(60.4) | 636 (60.2) |
  Primary | 1273 (30.9) | 955 (31.2) | 318 (30.1) |
  Secondary and above | 361 (8.7) | 258 (8.5) | 103 (9.6) |
 Partner’s occupation | |||
  Not working | 285 (7.3) | 216 (7.4) | 69 (7.0) |
  Non-agriculture | 1092 (27.8) | 815 (27.7) | 277 (28.0) |
  Agriculture | 2548 (64.9) | 1905 (64.9) | 643 (65.0) |
 Partner’s education | |||
  No education | 1755 (45.0) | 1285 (44.0) | 470 (48.1) |
  Primary | 1577 (40.4) | 1221 (41.8) | 356 (36.4) |
  Secondary and above | 568 (14.6) | 416 (14.2) | 152 (15.5) |
 Mother’s age (years) | |||
  15–24 | 1205 (29.2) | 875 (28.6) | 330 (31.2) |
  25–34 | 2097 (50.9) | 1608 (52.5) | 489 (46.3) |
  35–49 | 820 (19.9) | 582 (19.0) | 238 (22.5) |
 Marital status | |||
  Never married | 76 (1.8) | 53 (1.7) | 23 (2.1) |
  Currently married | 3879 (94.1) | 2898 (94.6) | 981 (92.8) |
  Formerly married | 166 (4.0) | 113 (3.7) | 53 (5.1) |
 Child’s age (months) | |||
  0–5 | 1178 (28.6) | 841 (27.5) | 337 (31.9) |
  6–11 | 1052 (25.5) | 784 (25.6) | 268 (25.4) |
  12–17 | 1084 (26.3) | 833 (27.2) | 251 (23.8) |
  18–23 | 808 (19.6) | 607 (19.8) | 201 (19.0) |
 Mother’s literacy | |||
  Cannot read at all | 2955 (71.7) | 2207 (72.0) | 748 (70.8) |
  Can read part/whole sentence | 1166 (28.3) | 857 (28.0) | 309 (29.2) |
 Mother’s frequency of reading newspaper | |||
   No | 3841 (93.2) | 2868 (93.6) | 973 (92.0) |
   Yes | 281 (6.8) | 197 (6.4) | 84 (8.0) |
 Mother’s frequency of listening to the radio | |||
  No | 3000 (72.8) | 2231 (72.8) | 769 (72.8) |
  Yes | 1121 (27.2) | 833 (27.2) | 288 (27.2) |
 Mother’s frequency of watching TV | |||
  No | 3000 (72.8) | 2231 (72.8) | 769 (72.8) |
  Yes | 1121 (27.2) | 833 (27.2) | 288 (27.2) |
Bio-medical factors | |||
 Place of delivery | |||
  Home | 2536 (61.5) | 1884 (61.5) | 652 (61.6) |
  Health facility | 1585 (38.5) | 1180 (38.5) | 405 (38.4) |
 Mode of delivery | |||
  Non-caesarean | 4012 (97.4) | 3020 (98.6) | 992 (93.8) |
  Caesarean section | 109 (2.6) | 44 (1.4) | 65 (6.2) |
 Type of delivery assistance | |||
  Health professional | 1539 (37.3) | 1180 (38.5) | 359 (34.0) |
  Traditional birth attendant | 1400 (34.0) | 1069 (34.8) | 331 (31.3) |
  Relatives/untrained workers | 560 (13.6) | 355 (11.6) | 205 (19.4) |
  None | 622 (15.1) | 460 (15.1) | 162 (15.3) |
 Antenatal care visits | |||
  None | 1425 (34.6) | 1080 (35.3) | 345 (32.7) |
  1–3 visits | 1313 (31.9) | 963 (31.4) | 350 (33.1) |
  4 or more | 1383 (33.5) | 1021 (33.3) | 362 (34.2) |
 Mother’s BMI (kg/m2) | |||
  ≤18.5 | 828 (20.7) | 626 (21.0) | 202 (19.5) |
  > 18.5- ≤ 24.9 | 2908 (72.6) | 2157 (72.6) | 751 (72.6) |
  > 24.9- ≤ 29.9 | 220 (5.5) | 153 (5.1) | 67 (6.5) |
  ≥ 30 | 53 (1.2) | 38 (1.3) | 15 (1.4) |
Household factors | |||
 Wealth index | |||
  Poorest | 974 (23.6) | 725 (23.7) | 249 (23.6) |
  Poorer | 893 (21.7) | 674 (22.0) | 218 (20.6) |
  Middle | 867 (21.0) | 648 (21.2) | 219 (20.7) |
  Richer | 746 (18.1) | 527 (17.2) | 219 (20.7) |
  Richest | 642 (15.6) | 490 (16.0) | 152 (14.4) |
Community-level factors | |||
 Residence | |||
  Urban | 498 (12.1) | 371 (12.1) | 127 (12.0) |
  Rural | 3624 (87.9) | 2694 (87.9) | 930 (88.0) |
 Region | |||
  Tigray | 304 (7.4) | 195 (6.4) | 110 (10.4) |
  Affar | 40 (1.0) | 17 (0.6) | 23 (2.2) |
  Amhara | 757 (18.4) | 508 (16.6) | 249 (23.6) |
  Oromiya | 1841 (44.7) | 1433 (46.7) | 409 (38.7) |
  Somali | 169 (4.1) | 133 (4.4) | 35 (3.4) |
  Benishangul-Gumuz | 44 (1.1) | 32 (1.0) | 12 (1.2) |
  SNNP | 825 (20.0) | 644 (21.0) | 181 (17.1) |
  Gamabela | 10 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 3 (0.3) |
  Harari | 10 (0.2) | 9 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) |
  Addis ababa | 105 (2.6) | 72 (2.4) | 33 (3.1) |
  Dire dawa | 17 (0.3) | 16 (0.5) | 1 (0.1) |