Singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization in Estonia: a register-based study of complications and adverse outcomes in relation to the maternal socio-demographic background

Table 3 Risk of complications and adverse outcomes after IVF and SC pregnancies^a by maternal socio-demographic background

Characteristic	Adjusted RR (95% CI)^b
Characteristic	IVF	SC
Pregnancy-related complications ^c
Age (30–34 vs. 25–29 years)	1.30 (1.09–1.56)	1.28 (1.23–1.33)
Age (35–40 vs. 25–29 years)	1.55 (1.30–1.86)	1.57 (1.48–1.67)
Education (secondary or less vs. higher)	1.29 (1.14–1.46)	1.18 (1.14–1.23)
Ethnicity (non-Estonian vs. Estonian)	1.02 (0.89–1.16)	1.09 (1.05–1.14)
Marital status (single vs. married)	1.18 (0.94–1.48)	1.09 (1.02–1.17)
Period (2005–2009 vs. 2010–2014)	1.13 (1.00–1.28)	1.04 (1.00–1.08)
Adverse pregnancy outcomes ^d
Age (30–34 vs. 25–29 years)	1.09 (0.86–1.37)	1.15 (1.08–1.21)
Age (35–40 vs. 25–29 years)	1.31 (1.03–1.66)	1.42 (1.31–1.54)
Education (secondary or less vs. higher)	1.11 (0.93–1.33)	1.16 (1.11–1.22)
Ethnicity (non-Estonian vs. Estonian)	1.15 (0.96–1.38)	1.16 (1.10–1.22)
Marital status (single vs. married)	1.12 (0.80–1.58)	1.19 (1.09–1.30)
Period (2005–2009 vs. 2010–2014)	0.89 (0.74–1.06)	1.00 (0.96–1.05)

^aLiveborn singletons to primiparas in Estonia, 2005–2014
^bMutually adjusted for all other socio-demographic characteristics in the table
^cAt least one of the following complications: pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean section
^dAt least one of the following outcomes: preterm birth (< 37 weeks), low birthweight (< 2500 g), small for gestational age, Apgar score at 5 min < 7, congenital anomalies, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit
CI Confidence interval, IVF In vitro fertilization, RR Relative risk (prevalence proportion ratio), SC Spontaneously conceived

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