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Table 2 Risk of selected complications and adverse outcomes after IVF vs. SC pregnanciesa

From: Singleton pregnancies after in vitro fertilization in Estonia: a register-based study of complications and adverse outcomes in relation to the maternal socio-demographic background

Complication/ outcome

IVF

SC

Crude RR (95% CI)

RR (95% CI) adjusted for:

Maternal age

+ Study period

+ Ethnicity, education, marital status

Pregnancy-related complications b

650

8206

1.49 (1.40–1.59)

1.28 (1.19–1.36)

1.28 (1.20–1.37)

1.28 (1.19–1.36)

 Pre-eclampsia

78

1007

1.46 (1.17–1.83)

1.24 (0.97–1.57)

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

1.25 (0.98–1.59)

 Placental complicationsc

49

299

3.09 (2.30–4.17)

2.71 (1.96–3.76)

2.74 (1.98–3.79)

2.74 (1.97–3.79)

  Placenta previa

22

51

8.14 (4.95–13.39)

7.51 (4.27–13.23)

7.57 (4.29–13.35)

7.15 (4.04–12.66)

  Placental abruption

32

250

2.42 (1.68–3.48)

2.08 (1.40–3.07)

2.10 (1.42–3.10)

2.12 (1.43–3.14)

Cesarean sectiond

620

7715

1.52 (1.42–1.62)

1.28 (1.20–1.37)

1.29 (1.20–1.38)

1.28 (1.20–1.37)

  Planned

217

1698

2.41 (2.11–2.75)

1.89 (1.64–2.17)

1.92 (1.67–2.21)

1.92 (1.67–2.21)

  Emergency

403

6017

1.26 (1.16–1.38)

1.09 (1.00–1.20)

1.10 (1.00–1.20)

1.09 (0.99–1.19)

Adverse pregnancy outcomes e

400

5720

1.32 (1.21–1.44)

1.18 (1.07–1.29)

1.18 (1.07–1.29)

1.17 (1.07–1.29)

 Preterm birth (< 37 weeks)

153

1668

1.73 (1.48–2.01)

1.49 (1.26–1.76)

1.49 (1.26–1.76)

1.51 (1.28–1.78)

  Spontaneous preterm birth

48

616

1.47 (1.10–1.96)

1.30 (0.95–1.77)

1.30 (0.95–1.77)

1.32 (0.97–1.80)

  Iatrogenic preterm birth

105

1052

1.88 (1.55–2.29)

1.60 (1.31–1.96)

1.61 (1.31–1.97)

1.62 (1.32–1.98)

 Very preterm birth (< 32 weeks)

30

300

2.10 (1.44–3.05)

1.47 (0.99–2.18)

1.48 (0.99–2.20)

1.49 (1.00–2.23)

 Low birthweight (< 2500 g)

109

1146

1.80 (1.48–2.17)

1.46 (1.19–1.78)f

1.46 (1.20–1.78)f

1.47 (1.20–1.80)f

 Very low birthweight (< 1500 g)

22

241

1.90 (1.23–2.93)

1.32 (0.84–2.06)f

1.31 (0.84–2.05)f

1.31 (0.84–2.06)f

 Small for gestational age

46

613

1.42 (1.05–1.90)

1.23 (0.91–1.67)

1.23 (0.91–1.67)

1.23 (0.91–1.66)

 Apgar score at 5 min < 7

30

401

1.41 (0.98–2.04)

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

1.22 (0.82–1.80)

1.20 (0.81–1.77)

 Congenital anomalies

40

506

1.49 (1.09–2.05)

1.50 (1.08–2.09)

1.52 (1.09–2.12)

1.51 (1.08–2.11)

 Admission to a NICU

300

4369

1.30 (1.16–1.44)

1.14 (1.02–1.27)

1.13 (1.02–1.27)

1.13 (1.01–1.26)

  1. aLiveborn singletons to primiparas in Estonia, 2005–2014
  2. bAt least one of the following complications: pre-eclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, cesarean section
  3. cPlacenta previa or placental abruption
  4. dPlanned or emergency cesarean section
  5. eAt least one of the following outcomes: preterm birth, low birthweight, small for gestational age, Apgar score at 5 min < 7, congenital anomalies, admission to a NICU
  6. fAdditionally adjusted for infant’s sex
  7. CI Confidence interval, IVF In vitro fertilization, NICU Neonatal intensive care unit, RR Relative risk (prevalence proportion ratio), SC spontaneously conceived
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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

ISSN: 1471-2393

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