Table 1 Distribution of maternal county of residence urban-rural classification, sociodemographic, health and obstetric characteristics of term births by county povertya, US 2013
Low Poverty | Medium Poverty | High Poverty | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | (%) | N | (%) | N | (%) | |
227,760 | 7.6 | 979,088 | 32.5 | 1,804,312 | 59.9 | |
Contextual County Characteristics | ||||||
County urban-rural classification | ||||||
Large central metro | 9024 | 4.0 | 207,356 | 21.2 | 806,000 | 44.7 |
Large fringe metro | 206,349 | 90.6 | 379,031 | 38.7 | 125,059 | 6.9 |
Medium metro | 7581 | 3.3 | 195,098 | 19.9 | 410,336 | 22.7 |
Small metro | 2144 | 0.9 | 88,796 | 9.1 | 173,863 | 9.6 |
Micropolitan (non-metro) | 1498 | 0.7 | 70,780 | 7.2 | 172,164 | 9.5 |
Non-core (non-metro) | 1164 | 0.5 | 38,027 | 3.9 | 116,890 | 6.5 |
Maternal Individual Characteristics | ||||||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||
≤ 19 | 6947 | 3.1 | 51,062 | 5.2 | 149,170 | 8.3 |
20–24 | 28,213 | 12.4 | 193,690 | 19.8 | 464,937 | 25.8 |
25–29 | 61,745 | 27.1 | 290,656 | 29.7 | 518,092 | 28.7 |
30–34 | 81,815 | 35.9 | 285,546 | 29.2 | 433,099 | 24.0 |
35–39 | 40,034 | 17.6 | 128,818 | 13.2 | 193,808 | 10.7 |
≥ 40 | 9006 | 4.0 | 29,316 | 3.0 | 45,206 | 2.5 |
Maternal education | ||||||
High school or less | 51,938 | 22.8 | 320,593 | 32.7 | 822,059 | 45.6 |
Some college | 54,431 | 23.9 | 294,302 | 30.1 | 522,084 | 28.9 |
Bachelor’s or more | 118,188 | 51.9 | 346,468 | 35.4 | 438,619 | 24.3 |
Marital status (Yes) | 172,872 | 75.9 | 662,214 | 67.6 | 984,766 | 54.6 |
Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
Non-Hispanic White | 149,335 | 65.6 | 631,496 | 64.5 | 869,560 | 48.2 |
Non-Hispanic Black | 19,253 | 8.5 | 89,074 | 9.1 | 306,724 | 17.0 |
Hispanic | 34,684 | 15.2 | 169,091 | 17.3 | 500,517 | 27.7 |
Non-Hispanic Other | 23,485 | 10.3 | 79,960 | 8.2 | 116,621 | 6.5 |
Gestational age (weeks) | ||||||
37 | 16,830 | 7.4 | 72,036 | 7.4 | 148,629 | 8.2 |
38 | 38,402 | 16.9 | 162,013 | 16.6 | 327,337 | 18.1 |
39 | 96,639 | 42.2 | 406,034 | 41.5 | 768,118 | 42.6 |
40 | 57,841 | 25.4 | 250,770 | 25.6 | 431,416 | 23.9 |
≥ 41 | 18,048 | 7.9 | 88,235 | 9.0 | 128,812 | 7.1 |
Parity | ||||||
0 | 93,972 | 41.3 | 394,077 | 40.3 | 714,573 | 39.6 |
1–2 | 114,986 | 50.5 | 477,582 | 48.8 | 860,991 | 47.7 |
≥ 3 | 18,215 | 8.0 | 102,909 | 10.5 | 219,841 | 12.2 |
Infant sex (Female) | 112,249 | 49.3 | 479,520 | 49.0 | 885,644 | 49.1 |
Month prenatal care began | ||||||
First trimester | 171,993 | 75.5 | 733,075 | 74.9 | 1,244,999 | 69.0 |
Second trimester | 33,132 | 14.6 | 166,895 | 17.1 | 367,761 | 20.4 |
Third trimester | 8204 | 3.6 | 36,807 | 3.8 | 92,294 | 5.1 |
No prenatal care | 1163 | 0.5 | 6731 | 0.7 | 26,439 | 1.5 |
Tobacco use during pregnancy (Yes) | 10,852 | 4.8 | 79,571 | 8.1 | 149,346 | 8.3 |
Chronic diabetes (Yes) | 12,152 | 5.3 | 58,522 | 6.0 | 97,500 | 5.4 |
Chronic hypertension (Yes) | 2635 | 1.2 | 12,035 | 1.2 | 23,222 | 1.3 |
Pregnancy associated hypertension (Yes) | 7495 | 3.3 | 39,942 | 4.1 | 71,349 | 4.0 |
Medicaid (Yes) | 47,823 | 21.0 | 324,144 | 33.1 | 897,407 | 49.7 |