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Table 1 The seven categories of disrespect and abuse [14] and the corresponding human rights indicators [9]

From: “We are the ones who should make the decision” – knowledge and understanding of the rights-based approach to maternity care among women and healthcare providers

Category of Disrespect and Abuse

Corresponding Right

1. Physical abuse

Freedom from harm and ill treatment

2. Non-consented care

Right to information, informed consent and refusal, and respect for choices and preferences, including the right to companionship of choice wherever possible

3. Non-confidential care

Confidentiality, privacy

4. Non-dignified care (including verbal abuse)

Dignity, respect

5. Discrimination based on specific attributes

Equality, freedom from discrimination, equitable care

6. Abandonment or denial of care

Right to timely healthcare and to the highest attainable level of health

7. Detention in facilities

Liberty, autonomy, self-determination, and freedom from coercion