Table 1 Sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics of FIP cohort study participants (n = 615) at different latent trajectory groups of maternal depression and anxiety symptoms [n (%)]
| Â | Depression trajectories | Â | Anxiety trajectories | Â | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal characteristics | Total (n = 615) | Low-stable (n = 215) | Moderate-stable (n = 332) | Moderate-increasing (n = 32) | High-decreasing (n = 36) | p-value | Very low-stable (n = 80) | Low-stable (n = 357) | Moderate-stable (n = 178) | p-value |
Mother’s age |  |  |  |  |  | 0.025 |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < 25 years | 96 (15.6) | 27 (12.6) | 50 (15.1) | 8 (25.0) | 11 (30.6) |  | 7 (8.8) | 44 (12.3) | 45 (25.3) |  |
 ≥ 25 years | 519 (84.4) | 188 (87.4) | 282 (84.9) | 24 (75.0) | 25 (69.4) |  | 73 (91.3) | 313 (87.7) | 133 (74.7) |  |
Parity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.438 | Â | Â | Â | 0.850 |
 0 | 327 (53.3) | 121 (56.3) | 171 (51.6) | 19 (59.4) | 16 (44.4) |  | 42 (52.5) | 187 (52.5) | 98 (55.1) |  |
 ≥ 1 | 287 (46.7) | 94 (43.7) | 160 (48.3) | 13 (40.6) | 20 (55.6) |  | 38 (47.5) | 169 (47.5) | 80 (44.9) |  |
Education | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.022 | Â | Â | Â | 0.147 |
 < grade 12 | 24 (3.9) | 5 (2.3) | 12 (3.6) | 2 (6.3) | 5 (13.9) |  | 1 (1.3) | 12 (3.4) | 11 (6.2) |  |
 ≥ grade 12 | 590 (96.1) | 209 (97.6) | 320 (96.4) | 30 (93.8) | 31 (86.1) |  | 79 (98.8) | 344 (96.6) | 167 (93.8) |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.004 | Â | Â | Â | 0.036 |
 Caucasian | 522 (85.0) | 193 (89.8) | 280 (84.6) | 25 (78.1) | 24 (66.7) |  | 73 (91.3) | 308 (86.3) | 141 (79.7) |  |
 Non-Caucasian | 92 (15.0) | 22 (10.2) | 51 (15.4) | 7 (21.9) | 12 (33.3) |  | 7 (8.8) | 49 (13.7) | 36 (20.3) |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â | 0.029 |
 Non-partnered | 57 (9.3) | 10 (4.7) | 33 (9.9) | 4 (12.5) | 10 (27.8) |  | 4 (5.0) | 28 (7.8) | 25 (14.0) |  |
 Partnered | 558 (90.7) | 205 (95.4) | 299 (90.1) | 28 (87.5) | 26 (72.2) |  | 76 (95.0) | 329 (92.2) | 153 (86.0) |  |
Employment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â | 0.050 |
 Yes | 487 (79.5) | 185 (86.1) | 259 (78.3) | 22 (68.8) | 21 (60.0) |  | 68 (85.0) | 289 (81.2) | 130 (73.5) |  |
 No | 126 (20.6) | 30 (14.0) | 72 (21.8) | 10 (31.3) | 14 (40.0) |  | 12 (15.0) | 67 (18.8) | 47 (26.6) |  |
Income |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 < $20,000 | 75 (12.5) | 14 (6.5) | 40 (12.4) | 5 (16.1) | 16 (45.7) |  | 2 (2.5) | 36 (10.3) | 37 (21.6) |  |
 20-$40,000 | 109 (18.1) | 33 (15.4) | 64 (19.9) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (11.4) |  | 15 (18.8) | 57 (16.2) | 37 (21.6) |  |
 40-$60,000 | 129 (21.4) | 41 (19.2) | 76 (23.6) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (17.1) |  | 15 (18.8) | 70 (19.9) | 44 (25.7) |  |
 > $60,000 | 289 (48.0) | 126 (58.9) | 142 (44.1) | 12 (38.7) | 9 (25.7) |  | 48 (60.0) | 188 (53.6) | 53 (31.0) |  |
Past depression |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Yes | 217 (35.3) | 35 (16.3) | 136 (41.0) | 18 (56.3) | 28 (77.8) |  | 12 (15.0) | 99 (27.7) | 106 (59.6) |  |
 No | 398 (64.7) | 180 (83.7) | 196 (59.0) | 14 (43.8) | 8 (22.2) |  | 68 (85.0) | 258 (72.3) | 72 (40.5) |  |
Stress level |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Low (0–2) | 362 (59.4) | 170 (80.6) | 174 (52.7) | 14 (43.8) | 4 (11.1) |  | 66 (84.6) | 223 (63.0) | 73 (41.2) |  |
 High (> 2) | 247 (40.6) | 41 (19.4) | 156 (47.3) | 18 (56.3) | 32 (88.9) |  | 12 (15.4) | 131 (37.0) | 104 (58.8) |  |
Support level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.043 | Â | Â | Â | 0.105 |
 Low (0–1) | 104 (16.9) | 25 (11.6) | 63 (19.0) | 6 (18.8) | 10 (27.8) |  | 8 (10.0) | 59 (16.6) | 37 (20.8) |  |
 High (> 1) | 510 (83.1) | 190 (88.4) | 268 (81.0) | 26 (81.3) | 26 (72.2) |  | 72 (90.0) | 297 (83.4) | 141 (79.2) |  |
Relationship satisfaction |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.009 |
 Not satisfied | 75 (12.3) | 14 (6.5) | 38 (11.6) | 6 (18.8) | 17 (48.6) |  | 7 (8.8) | 35 (9.9) | 33 (18.8) |  |
 Satisfied | 536 (87.7) | 201 (93.5) | 291 (88.5) | 26 (81.3) | 18 (51.4) |  | 73 (91.3) | 320 (90.1) | 143 (81.3) |  |
Planned pregnancy | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 | Â | Â | Â | 0.030 |
 Yes | 366 (59.5) | 147 (68.4) | 190 (57.2) | 16 (50.0) | 13 (36.1) |  | 55 (68.8) | 218 (61.1) | 93 (52.3) |  |
 No | 249 (40.5) | 68 (31.6) | 142 (42.8) | 16 (50.0) | 23 (63.9) |  | 25 (31.3) | 139 (38.9) | 85 (47.8) |  |
Smoking |  |  |  |  |  | < 0.001 |  |  |  | 0.011 |
 No or quit | 548 (89.3) | 203 (94.4) | 293 (88.5) | 27 (84.4) | 25 (69.4) |  | 76 (95.0) | 324 (90.8) | 148 (83.6) |  |
 Yes | 66 (10.8) | 12 (5.6) | 38 (11.5) | 5 (15.6) | 11 (30.6) |  | 4 (5.0) | 33 (9.2) | 29 (16.4) |  |
Alcohol | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.321 | Â | Â | Â | 0.402 |
 No or quit | 573 (93.2) | 202 (94.0) | 309 (93.1) | 31 (96.9) | 31 (86.1) |  | 77 (96.3) | 329 (92.2) | 167 (93.8) |  |
 Yes | 42 (6.8) | 13 (6.1) | 23 (6.9) | 1 (3.1) | 5 (13.9) |  | 3 (3.8) | 28 (7.8) | 11 (6.2) |  |
Drugs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.310 | Â | Â | Â | 0.250 |
 No or quit | 596 (97.1) | 208 (97.2) | 324 (97.6) | 31 (96.9) | 33 (91.7) |  | 80 (100.0) | 343 (96.4) | 173 (97.2) |  |
 Yes | 18 (2.9) | 6 (2.8) | 8 (2.4) | 1 (3.1) | 3 (8.3) |  | 0.00 (0.0) | 13 (3.7) | 5 (2.8) |  |
Exercise | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.103 | Â | Â | Â | 0.248 |
 Never or occasional | 284 (46.2) | 90 (41.9) | 155 (46.7) | 16 (50.0) | 23 (63.9) |  | 33 (41.3) | 160 (44.8) | 91 (51.1) |  |
 Regular | 331 (53.8) | 125 (58.1) | 177 (53.3) | 16 (50.0) | 13 (36.1) |  | 47 (58.8) | 197 (55.2) | 87 (48.9) |  |