Fig. 2

Effect size of advanced and very advanced maternal age on adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. The composite outcome includes preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, placental abruption and stillbirth. Models for maternal outcomes were adjusted for parity, neighborhood income, educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, drug/alcohol/tobacco use, type of conception, maternal pre-existing health problems (preexisting hypertension, pre-existing diabetes mellitus, maternal heart disease, maternal pulmonary diseases, maternal endocrine disorders, hematologic disorders). Models for neonatal outcomes were adjusted for parity, neighborhood income, educational level, pre-pregnancy body mass index, drug/alcohol/tobacco use, type of conception, maternal pre-existing health problems, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preeclampsia. Dots signify relative risks, and bars signify 95% confidence intervals. Red dots signify significant relative risks, green dots signify insignificant results, and purple dots signify non-estimable results