Table 1 Associations between iron supplementation (n [%]) and sociodemographic/maternal data and determining factors of iron supplementation
From: Iron supplementation during pregnancy – a cross-sectional study undertaken in four German states
Users (n = 135) | Nonusers (n = 72) | Chi-square [OR (95%-CI)] | P-value 1 | Logistic regression [OR (95%-CI)] | P-value 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic/maternal data | ||||||
Home country (n = 200) | ||||||
Germany | 118 (63.8) | 67 (36.2) | 0.44 (0.12; 1.62) | 0.27 | ||
Foreign country | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1 | |||
Age of women (n = 206) | ||||||
< 32 years | 69 (71.1) | 28 (28.9) | 1 | |||
≥ 32 years | 66 (60.6) | 43 (39.4) | 0.62 (0.35; 1.12) | 0.11 | ||
Education (n = 207) | ||||||
Low education | 56 (65.1) | 30 (34.9) | 1 | |||
High education | 79 (65.3) | 42 (34.7) | 1.01 (0.56; 1.80) | 0.98 | ||
Parity (n = 206) | ||||||
primipara | 71 (62.3) | 43 (37.7) | 1 | |||
multipara | 63 (68.5) | 29 (31.5) | 1.32 (0.74; 2.35) | 0.35 | ||
Years in-between births (n = 80) | ||||||
More than one year | 13 (68.4) | 6 (31.6) | 1 | |||
Less than one year | 43 (70.5) | 18 (29.5) | 1.10 (0.36; 3.35) | 0.86 | ||
Iron Status | ||||||
Iron deficiency (n = 187) | ||||||
Yes | 114 (94.2) | 7 (5.8) | 50 (25.0; 166.7) | < 0.001 | 91.07 (28.99; 289.07) | < 0.001 |
No | 13 (19.7) | 53 (80.3) | 1 | 1 | ||
Time of ID/ anaemia diagnosis | ||||||
first trimester | 22 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 | |||
second trimester | 53 (96.4) | 2 (3.6) | 1.04 (0.99; 1.09) | 1.00 | ||
third trimester | 35 (87.5) | 5 (12.5) | 1.14 (1.02; 1.29) | 0.15 | ||
Diet/ life-style | ||||||
Intake of iron fortified food (n = 207) | ||||||
Yes | 51 (73.9) | 18 (26.1) | 1.82 (0.96; 3.44) | 0.06 | ||
No | 84 (60.9) | 54 (39.1) | 1 | |||
Use of other food supplements (n = 206) | ||||||
Yes | 108 (69.7) | 47 (30.3) | 2.04 (1.07; 3.90) | 0.03 | 5.29 (1.52; 18.36) | 0.02 |
No | 27 (52.9) | 24 (47.1) | 1 | 1 | ||
Dietary behaviour (n = 207) | ||||||
Mixed diet | 123 (63.4) | 71 (36.6) | 1 | |||
Vegetarian diet | 12 (92.3) | 1 (7.7) | 6.93 (0.88; 54.39) | 0.04* | ||
Alcohol consumption (n = 207) | ||||||
Yes | 1 (100.0) | 0 (0) | ||||
No | 134 (65.0) | 72 (35.0) | 1* | |||
Smoking (n = 204) | ||||||
Yes | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 1 | |||
No | 130 (65.3) | 69 (34.7) | 1.26 (0.20; 7.70) | 1* | ||