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Table 2: Concentration Indices with Covariates: Ghana (years 2003, 2008 & 2014) and Nigeria (years 2003, 2008 & 2013)

From: Examining trends in inequality in the use of reproductive health care services in Ghana and Nigeria

Service type / covariate

Ghana

Nigeria

2003

2008

2014

2003

2008

2013

Family planning info: health facility

-0.01

-0.04

-0.04*

0.14*

0.14*

0.15*

 Age group

  15-24

0*

0.05

-0.02

0.14

0.18*

0.18*

  25-49

-0.01

-0.06

-0.05*

0.13*

0.12*

0.14*

 Marital status

  Never

-0.02

-0.06

-0.01

0.04

0.06

0.03

  Currently / previously

-0.01

-0.04

-0.04*

0.14*

0.14*

0.16*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.05

0

0

0.2

0.18*

0.21*

  Professional / sales

0

-0.04

-0.07*

0.14*

0.09*

0.12*

  Agriculture

-0.01

-0.05

0

0.06

0.11*

0.08

  Others

-0.02

0.02

-0.01

0.13

0.16*

0.14*

 Location

  Urban

-0.02

-0.01

-0.02

0.02

0.08*

0.05*

  Rural

-0.02

-0.01

-0.01

0.15

0.16*

0.19*

Family planning worker visit

-0.09*

-0.02

-0.05

0.25*

0.39*

0.4*

 Age group

  15-24

0.01

0.05

0.01

0.22

0.49*

0.43*

  25-49

-0.11*

-0.04

-0.06

0.25*

0.35*

0.38*

 Marital status

-0.09*

-0.02

-0.05

0.25*

0.39*

0.4*

  Never

-0.1

0.09

0.03

-0.03

-0.04

0.01

  Currently / previously

-0.09*

-0.02

-0.06

0.26*

0.4*

0.41*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.07

0.15

-0.03

0.43*

0.51*

0.44*

  Professional / sales

-0.18*

-0.08

0.02

0.27*

0.32*

0.37*

  Agriculture

-0.06

-0.14*

0.02

0.07

0.25*

0.2*

  Others

-0.15

0.06

-0.13

0.31

0.4*

0.36*

 Location

  Urban

-0.15*

-0.01

0

0.18*

0.2*

0.14*

  Rural

-0.04

-0.02

0

0.22

0.39*

0.42*

Family planning: TV

0.37*

0.4*

0.28*

0.5*

0.58*

0.56*

 Age group

  15-24

0.3*

0.37*

0.26*

0.44*

0.6*

0.61*

  25-49

0.39*

0.41*

0.29*

0.51*

0.56*

0.53*

 Marital status

  Never

0.2*

0.22*

0.2*

0.12

0.29*

0.31*

  Currently / previously

0.37*

0.42*

0.29*

0.51*

0.59*

0.57*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.33*

0.4*

0.24*

0.52*

0.64*

0.65*

  Professional / sales

0.23*

0.27*

0.15*

0.45*

0.48*

0.5*

  Agriculture

0.32*

0.46*

0.32*

0.51*

0.41*

0.32*

  Others

0.27*

0.26*

0.21*

0.42*

0.51*

0.49*

 Location

  Urban

0.17*

0.19*

0.13*

0.29*

0.28*

0.25*

  Rural

0.32*

0.44*

0.35*

0.39*

0.63*

0.63*

Family planning: print

0.54*

0.52*

0.42*

0.43*

0.65*

0.64*

 Age group

  15-24

0.5*

0.56*

0.25

0.4*

0.63*

0.62*

  25-49

0.55*

0.51*

0.44*

0.44*

0.64*

0.62*

 Marital status

  Never

0.28

0.5

0.36

0.22

0.36*

0.26

  Currently / previously

0.55*

0.52*

0.43*

0.45*

0.66*

0.65*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.45*

0.46*

0.14

0.42*

0.7*

0.73*

  Professional / sales

0.4*

0.43*

0.31*

0.4*

0.57*

0.56*

  Agriculture

0.43*

0.55*

0.32

0.47

0.42*

0.5*

  Others

0.43*

0.37*

0.19

0.38*

0.57*

0.59*

 Location

  Urban

0.31*

0.36*

0.26*

0.34*

0.39*

0.36*

  Rural

0.45*

0.54*

0.45*

0.3*

0.67*

0.67*

Modern contraceptive

0.01

-0.05

-0.06*

0.03

-0.04*

-0.02

 Age group

  15-24

0.01

-0.05

-0.08*

0.06

0.02

0.02

  25-49

0.01

-0.04

-0.05*

0.03

-0.05*

-0.02

 Marital status

 Never

0.04

-0.17

-0.06

0.07

0.05

0.07*

 Currently / previously

0.01

-0.04

-0.06*

0.03

-0.04*

-0.02

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

-0.01

-0.08

-0.05

0.05

-0.05

-0.03

  Professional / sales

0.02

-0.04

-0.08*

0.02

-0.03

-0.01

  Agriculture

0.01

-0.07*

0

0.04

-0.09*

-0.03

  Others

-0.02

-0.01

-0.07*

-0.02

0

-0.05

 Location

  Urban

-0.02

-0.06

-0.07*

0.02

-0.02

0

  Rural

0.02

-0.05

-0.02

0.03

-0.04*

-0.03

Information on pregnancy complication

0.08*

0.07*

0.02*

0.13*

0.12*

0.1*

 Age group

  15-24

0.06*

0.06*

0

0.16*

0.12*

0.1*

  25-49

0.09*

0.07*

0.02*

0.11*

0.11*

0.09*

 Marital status

 Never

0.15*

0.1

0

0.1

0.1

0.08*

 Currently / previously

0.08*

0.07*

0.02*

0.13*

0.12*

0.1*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.15*

0

0

0.17*

0.15*

0.1*

  Professional / sales

0.06*

0.04*

0

0.11*

0.09*

0.09*

  Agriculture

0.1

0.06*

0

0.1

0

0.07*

  Others

0.1

0

0.03*

0.11*

0.11*

0.08*

 Location

  Urban

0

0

0.02*

0.08*

0.07*

0.05*

  Rural

0.07*

0.07*

0

0.09*

0.1*

0.08*

Family planning: unmet need

0.01

0.01

-0.02

0.05

0.18*

0.18*

 Age group

  15-24

0.08*

0.06

0.05

0.11

0.25*

0.22*

  25-49

-0.02

-0.01

-0.03

0.03

0.17*

0.17*

 Marital status

  Never

-0.03

0.09*

-0.03

0.03

0.04

0

  Currently / previously

0.01

-0.01

-0.02

0.05

0.19*

0.19*

 Maternal occupation

  Not working

0.06

0.03

-0.04

0.08

0.21*

0.29*

  Professional / sales

-0.04

-0.09*

-0.11*

0.07

0.16*

0.21*

  Agriculture

0.07*

0.09*

0.08

0.06

0.12*

0.01

  Others

-0.02

-0.06

-0.07

0.11

0.3*

0.19*

 Location

  Urban

-0.02

-0.08

-0.11*

0.07

0.04

0.02

  Rural

0.07*

0.07*

0.06

0.03

0.22*

0.21*

  1. Note: Magnitudes of regional variation is available in Additional file 1
  2. *p ≤ 0.01
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