Table 3 Odds ratio of adjusted binary logistic regression showing fixed effects on the likelihood of skilled assistance

 None^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Primary

1.994*

1.623–2.450

1.481*

1.215–1.806

1.205

0.996–1.458

 Secondary

3839*

2.583–5.706

2.703*

2.120–3.447

1.840*

1.464–2.313

 Higher

4.131*

3.184–5.358

13.114*

7.533–22.831

5.793*

3.474–9.660

 Primiparity^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Multiparity

0.538*

0.440–0.657

0.532*

0.437–0.648

0.575*

0.476–0.695

 Grand multiparity

0.518*

0.420–0.640

0.506*

0.411–0.624

0.564*

0.462–0.689

 14 years or less^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 15–19 years

0.843

0.654–1.086

0.839

0.654–1.077

0.811

0.635–1.035

 20–24 years

1.104

0.840–1.453

1.044

0.798–1.366

0.981

0.755–1.275

 25 years or older

1.121

0.800–1.571

1.033

0.743–1.437

0.945

0.685–1.304

 Unemployed^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Unemployment

1.169

0.991–1.378

1.094

0.931–1.286

1.033

0.883–1.208

 Christianity^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Islam

0.317*

0.237–0.423

0.741**

0.560–0.982

0.750**

0.577–0.974

 Traditional/others

0.354**

0.188–0.664

0.558

0.299–1.040

0.712

0.390–1.300

 No Participation^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Participation

1.435*

1.215–1.693

1.290**

1.100–1.513

1.213**

1.041–1.413

 None^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Moderate

1.138

0.932–1.388

1.039

0.856–1.260

0.934

0.774–1.127

 High

1.817*

1.506–2.193

1.562*

1.304–1.871

1.255**

1.055–1.494

 None/animal cart^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Boat/canoe

0.513**

0.293–0.900

0.386*

0.226–0.659

0.392*

0.234–0.659

 Bicycle

0.966

0.748–1.249

1.028

0.800–1.321

1.052

0.824–1.341

 Motorcycle/scooter

1.425*

1.207–1.683

1.383*

1.177–1.626

1.222**

1.046–1.429

 Car/truck

2.169*

1.566–3.003

1.984*

1.447–2.719

1.438**

1.055–1.960

 Low^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Medium

0.886

0.623–1.260

1.071

0.759–1.511

1.079

0.796–1.462

 High

0.752

0.505–1.116

0.936

0.635–1.380

0.978

0.694–1.378

 Low^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Medium

0.208*

0.136–0.319

0.389*

0.256–0.591

0.489*

0.339–0.706

 High

0.072*

0.040–0.128

0.170*

0.095–0.302

0.346*

0.208–0.575

 Low^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Medium

0.382*

0.252–0.579

0.447*

0.299–0.670

0.602**

0.421–0.860

 High

0.159*

0.090–0.282

0.213*

0.122–0.370

0.402*

0.241–0.670

 Low^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Medium

1.065

0.747–1.518

1.064

0.749–1.511

0.932

0.683–1.274

 High

1.416

0.982–2.043

1.331

0.923–1.919

1.084

0.783–1.502

 Low^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 High

2.774*

1.999–3.850

2.433*

1.770–3.345

1.815*

1.374–2.397

 Northern^RC

–

–

–

–

–

–

 Southern

2.103*

1.399–3.162

1.750**

1.163–2.634

1.818**

1.265–2.611

 Poorest^RC

–

–

 Poorer

1.261

0.990–1.606

 Middle

1.630**

1.227–2.166

 Richer

1.819**

1.296–2.552

 Richest

2.834*

1.761–4.560

 None^RC

–

–

 1–3

1.430

0.991–2.064

 4+

2.602*

1.803–3.756

 1st trimester^RC

–

–

 2nd trimester

0.802**

0.680–0.946

 3rd trimester

0.252*

0.173–0.369