Table 1 Overview of characteristics and results
| Â | Music group | Control group | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Number | 154 | 150 | Â |
Age [years] | 33.5 ± 5.4 (18–47) | 33.7 ± 5.4 (21–44) | .883 |
Gestational Age [days] | 269 | 268 | .231 |
Time of procedure [morning/evening] | 81/73 | 70/77 (3Â N/A) | .388 |
Duration of procedure [mins] | 43.0 | 41.6 | .175 |
STAI-Trait | 36.39 ± 8.45 | 37.14 ± 8.74 | .474 |
STAI-State I | 47.54 ± 10.40 | 48.28 ± 11.79 | .593 |
STAI-State II | 31.56 ± 6.30 | 34.41 ± 9.23 | .004 |
STAI-State III | 29.54 ± 5.91 | 30.91 ± 7.14 | .140 |
VAS-A I [cm] | 4.83 ± 2.61 | 5.18 ± 2.89 | .349 |
VAS-A II [cm] | 1.27 ± 1.20 | 1.76 ± 1.78 | .018 |
VAS-A III [cm] | 0.69 ± 0.88 | 1.04 ± 1.29 | .018 |
C-increase I to II [nmol/L] | 12.29 ± 12.15 | 16.61 ± 16.14 | .043 |
C-decrease II to III [nmol/L] | − 13.77 ± 13.05 | −17.07 ± 16.80 | .128 |
sAA-increase [ln] I to II | 1.58 ± 1.40 | 1.76 ± 1.24 | .414 |
sAA-decrease II to III | −0.31 ± 1.27 | −0.57 ± 1,10 | .165 |
RR sys skin incision [mmHg] | 130.11 ± 14.97 | 136.19 ± 16.57 | .002 |
RR sys II [mmHg] | 121.42 ± 12.89 | 121.58 ± 13.00 | .981 |
RR dia skin incision [mmHg] | 70.82 ± 9.35 | 72.77 ± 10.55 | .106 |
RR dia II [mmHg] | 64.65 ± 9.61 | 64.99 ± 9.21 | .764 |
HR skin incision [1/min] | 88.40 ± 16.23 | 92.57 ± 18.26 | .049 |
HR II [1/min] | 77.97 ± 13.91 | 80.51 ± 14.23 | .141 |