|
Distal factors
|
|
Race/skin color (nonwhite)
|
170(76.9)
|
583(80.6)
|
0.84 (0.64–1.10)
|
0.22
|
|
Education level (< 8 years)
|
121(54.8)
|
385(53.3)
|
1.04 (0.83–1.32)
|
0.69
|
|
Origin (inner state)
|
116(52.5)
|
359(49.7)
|
1.09 (0.86–1.37)
|
0.46
|
|
Income (< minimum wage)
|
185(83.7)
|
571(79.0)
|
1.27 (0.92–1.75)
|
0.12
|
|
Age (< 20 years old)
|
86(38.9)
|
185(25.6)
|
1.58 (1.25–1.99)
|
0.0001
|
|
Age (> 35 years old)
|
12(5.4)
|
114(15.8)
|
0.37 (0.21–0.64)
|
0.00007
|
|
Marital status (without a partner)
|
54(24.4)
|
141(19.5)
|
1.24 (0.95–1.61)
|
0.11
|
|
Intermediate factors
|
|
No prenatal care
|
6(2.7)
|
11(1.5)
|
1.52 (0.79–2.92)
|
0.18*
|
|
< 6 prenatal care visits
|
133(60.2)
|
211(29.2)
|
2.63 (2.08–3.33)
|
< 0.0000001
|
|
Prenatal care at service
|
179(81.0)
|
544(75.2)
|
1.30 (0.96–1.75)
|
0.07
|
|
No household visits
|
219(99.1)
|
698(96.5)
|
3.22 (0.84–12.29)
|
0.04
|
|
No referral for childbirth
|
160(72.4)
|
441(61.0)
|
1.49 (1.15–1.94)
|
0.002
|
|
Current pregnancy (cesarean section)
|
165(74.7)
|
548(75.8)
|
0.95 (0.73–1.24)
|
0.73
|
|
Previous cesarean section
|
35(15.8)
|
214(29.6)
|
0.52 (0.37–0.73)
|
0.00004
|
|
Nulliparity
|
112(50.7)
|
302(41.8)
|
1.31 (1.04–1.65)
|
0.01
|
|
Noncephalic presentation
|
28(12.7)
|
43(6.0)
|
1.78 (1.30–2.44)
|
0.0009
|
|
Admission to an intensive care unit
|
25(11.3)
|
43(5.9)
|
1.64 (1.17–2.28)
|
0.006
|
|
Smoker
|
9(4.2)
|
20(2.7)
|
1.33 (076–2.33)
|
0.32
|
|
Proximal factors
|
|
Fetal malformation
|
19(8.6)
|
9(1.2)
|
3.07 (2.32–4.08)
|
< 0.0000001
|
|
Comorbidities
|
78(35.3)
|
306(42.3)
|
0.79 (0.62–1.01)
|
0.06
|
|
Maternal near miss
|
15(6.7)
|
19(2.6)
|
1.94 (1.31–2.89)
|
0.003
|
|
Maternal near miss clinical criteria
|
14(6.3)
|
17(2.3)
|
1.99 (1.32–2.98)
|
0.003
|
|
Maternal near miss laboratory criteria
|
05(2.2)
|
9(1.2)
|
1.53 (0.75–3.13)
|
0.42*
|
|
Maternal near miss management criteria
|
09(4.0)
|
12(1.7)
|
1.86 (1.12–3.1)
|
0.07*
|
