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Table 3 Effectiveness of postpartum parenting education on the quality of mother-infant interaction and sense changes of parenting competence

From: Mother–infant interaction quality and sense of parenting competence at six months postpartum for first-time mothers in Taiwan: a multiple time series design

 

NCATS

 

Sensitivity to Cues

Response to Distress

Social-Emotional Growth Fostering

 

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

Intercept

8.68

0.29

924.22**

< 0.001

8.78

0.48

328.50**

< 0.001

7.80

0.29

718.56**

< 0.001

EGa

−0.31

0.35

0.77

0.381

0.49

0.54

0.82

0.366

0.26

0.35

0.57

0.452

Time

 1st m vs. 1st wkb

−0.10

0.29

0.12

0.728

1.25

0.48

6.69*

0.010

0.18

0.30

0.38

0.539

 2nd m vs. 1st wkb

−0.29

0.30

0.94

0.334

1.42

0.49

8.32**

0.004

0.66

0.31

4.60*

0.032

 3rd m vs. 1st wkb

0.10

0.31

0.10

0.751

1.88

0.46

16.92**

< 0.001

1.56

0.31

25.09**

< 0.001

 6th m vs. 1st wkb

0.05

0.28

0.03

0.866

1.98

0.46

18.83**

< 0.001

0.93

0.34

7.72**

0.005

Interaction

 EG × [1st m vs. 1st wk]c

1.93

0.36

28.74**

< 0.001

0.08

0.57

0.02

0.890

1.24

0.35

12.60**

< 0.001

 EG × [2nd m vs. 1st wk]c

1.63

0.39

17.53**

< 0.001

−0.06

0.57

0.01

0.913

1.42

0.37

14.60**

< 0.001

 EG × [3rd m vs. 1st wk]c

1.63

0.41

15.75**

< 0.001

−0.42

0.55

0.60

0.438

0.86

0.37

5.34*

0.021

 EG × [6th m vs. 1st wk]c

1.53

0.37

16.85**

< 0.001

−0.50

0.55

0.83

0.364

0.95

0.41

5.48*

0.019

Propensity score

0.21

0.22

0.89

0.347

0.35

0.31

1.28

0.258

0.18

0.28

0.42

0.518

 

NCATS

 

Cognitive Growth Fostering

Clarity of Cues

Responsiveness to Caregiver

 

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

Intercept

6.67

0.45

222.11**

< 0.001

5.53

0.36

242.18**

< 0.001

4.77

0.36

179.79**

< 0.001

EGa

−0.23

0.67

0.15

0.736

0.03

0.38

0.01

0.941

−0.30

0.52

0.33

0.566

Time

 1st m vs. 1st wkb

−0.34

0.45

0.55

0.459

0.29

0.39

0.56

0.453

0.03

0.45

0.00

0.957

 2nd m vs. 1st wkb

0.10

0.45

0.05

0.830

1.47

0.38

14.89**

< 0.001

0.95

0.45

4.53*

0.033

 3rd m vs. 1st wkb

1.79

0.52

11.62**

0.001

1.97

0.43

21.15**

< 0.001

2.20

0.45

24.24**

< 0.001

 6th m vs. 1st wkb

1.69

0.54

9.88**

0.002

2.62

0.40

42.71**

< 0.001

0.45

0.54

0.69

0.407

Interaction

 EG × [1st m vs. 1st wk]c

0.54

0.70

41.62**

< 0.001

1.51

0.45

11.38**

0.001

1.67

0.62

7.32**

0.007

 EG × [2nd m vs. 1st wk]c

4.89

0.69

49.60**

< 0.001

1.45

0.46

9.77**

0.002

2.42

0.61

15.70**

< 0.001

 EG × [3rd m vs. 1st wk]c

4.37

0.75

34.30**

< 0.001

1.47

0.47

9.95**

0.002

1.88

0.63

9.05**

0.003

 EG × [6th m vs. 1st wk]c

3.83

0.72

27.96**

< 0.001

1.21

0.44

7.37**

0.007

3.44

0.74

21.75**

< 0.001

Propensity score

−0.17

0.54

0.10

0.754

−0.13

0.24

0.29

0.590

3.35

0.43

0.67

0.413

 

NCATS

 

Caregiver scores

Child scores

Total scores

 

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

Intercept

32.01

0.97

1095.92**

< 0.001

10.30

0.56

343.17**

< 0.001

42.30

1.16

1328.29**

< 0.001

EGa

0.19

1.30

0.02

0.887

−0.27

0.71

0.15

0.702

−0.11

1.64

0.01

0.946

Time

 1st m vs. 1st wkb

0.92

0.92

1.00

0.318

0.31

0.69

0.20

0.652

1.25

1.29

0.93

0.336

 2nd m vs. 1st wkb

1.81

0.97

3.49

0.062

2.42

0.64

14.45**

< 0.001

4.26

1.31

10.60**

0.001

 3rd m vs. 1st wkb

5.24

1.03

26.03**

< 0.001

4.16

0.67

38.32**

< 0.001

9.42

1.41

44.64**

< 0.001

 6th m vs. 1st wkb

4.57

1.00

21.08**

< 0.001

3.06

0.72

18.19**

< 0.001

7.65

1.32

33.57**

< 0.001

Interaction

 EG × [1st m vs. 1st wk]c

7.82

1.29

36.77**

< 0.001

3.18

0.90

12.43**

< 0.001

11.02

1.77

38.75**

< 0.001

 EG × [2nd m vs. 1st wk]c

7.91

1.34

35.07**

< 0.001

3.87

0.87

19.98**

< 0.001

11.79

1.79

43.27**

< 0.001

 EG × [3rd m vs. 1st wk]c

6.47

1.44

20.33**

< 0.001

3.35

0.87

14.99**

< 0.001

9.85

1.87

27.73**

< 0.001

 EG × [6th m vs. 1st wk]c

5.85

1.39

17.68**

< 0.001

4.65

0.95

23.68**

< 0.001

10.52

1.82

33.57**

< 0.001

Propensity score

0.57

0.90

0.40

0.528

−0.49

0.55

0.78

0.376

0.84

1.14

0.01

0.941

 

NCATS

PSOC

 

Contingency scores

 

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

B

S.E.

Wald χ2

p value

    

Intercept

13.67

0.75

336.23**

< 0.001

66.78

2.30

843.52**

< 0.001

    

EGa

−0.36

1.15

0.10

0.751

−2.59

2.94

0.78

0.379

    

Time

 1st m vs. 1st wkb

0.91

0.92

0.98

0.323

−2.37

1.27

3.47

0.062

    

 2nd m vs. 1st wkb

2.40

0.90

7.18**

0.007

0.15

1.13

0.02

0.896

    

 3rd m vs. 1st wkb

6.31

0.87

52.00**

< 0.001

2.50

1.24

4.09*

0.043

    

 6th m vs. 1st wkb

3.48

0.78

20.15**

< 0.001

4.80

1.41

11.56**

0.001

    

Interaction

 EG × [1st m vs. 1st wk]c

6.53

1.26

26.85**

< 0.001

0.47

1.82

0.07

0.796

    

 EG × [2nd m vs. 1st wk]c

7.14

1.26

32.05**

< 0.001

1.78

1.74

1.05

0.306

    

 EG × [3rd m vs. 1st wk]c

5.50

1.31

17.62**

< 0.001

2.62

1.83

2.06

0.151

    

 EG × [6th m vs. 1st wk]c

6.64

1.29

26.51**

< 0.001

2.91

2.07

1.97

0.161

    

Propensity score

−0.47

0.82

0.32

0.572

1.92

4.20

0.21

0.647

    
  1. *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01; df = 1; a Reference category: CG; b Reference category: 1st week (Baseline); c Reference category: CG × 1st week (Baseline)
  2. NCATS nursing child assessment teaching scale, PSOC parenting sense of competence, EG experimental group, 1st wk the 1st week,1st m the 1st month; 2nd m the 2nd month, 3rd m the 3rd month, 6th m the 6th month