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Table 4 Bivariate analysis between selected predictor variables and disrespect and abuse

From: Silent voices: institutional disrespect and abuse during delivery among women of Varanasi district, northern India

Predictor variable

% of pregnant women abused

p-value

Age

  < 25 years

29.1

0.87

 = > 25 years

28.4

 

Education

  = <Secondary education (till class X)

27.4

0.69

  > Secondary education (more than class X)

29.4

Occupation

 Non-remunerated work

27.5

0.15

 Remunerated work

37.0

Caste

 General

29.6

0.15

 OBCa

27.6

 SC/STb

29.2

Economic status

 Non-poor

29.4

0.96

 Poor

29.1

Total number of children

 One child

29.9

0.94

 2–3 children

28.4

 = > 4 children

27.7

Type of facility

 Government

30.1

0.31

 Private

25.0

Nature of government facility

 PHCc and HSCd

24.9

0.00*

 CHCe

47.2

 DH/ THf

55.6

Referred from first facility approached

 Yes

36.4

0.18

 No

27.6

Respondent was escorted for current delivery to the facility

 Yes

29.1

0.20

 No

0

Companion present during delivery

 Yes

30.3

0.40

 No

26.4

Type of provider conducting delivery

 Doctor

36.3

0.04*

 Nurse/ ANMg

23.8

 ASHAh/ Dais

27.5

Presence of complications

 Yes

44.6

0.00*

 No

25.8

 
  1. *p-value in Chi-square test < 0.05; a-Other Backward Class; b-Scheduled Caste/ Scheduled Tribe; c-Primary health Centre; d-Health Sub-centre; eCHC-Community Health Centre; f-District Hospital/ Tertiary Hospital; g-Auxilliary-Nurse Midwife; hASHA-Accredited Social Health Activist;