Table 3 Adjusted relative risks (aRR) of pregnancy complications from any complication, preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), spontaeous preterm birth (sPTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) according to vitamin D status and stratified by fetal sex
From: Vitamin D levels in an Australian and New Zealand cohort and the association with pregnancy outcome
Pregnancy Complications | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All women | Any Complication | PE | GH | GDM | sPTB | SGA | |||||||
n (%) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | |
Standardised Quartiles** | |||||||||||||
Males | |||||||||||||
Low | 367 (26) | 173 (47) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 24 (7) | 1.24 (0.65, 2.34) | 31 (8) | 1.11 (0.64, 1.94) | 18 (5) | 1.25 (0.58, 2.68) | 22 (6) | 1.09 (0.60, 1.98) | 43 (12) | 1.14 (0.73, 1.79) |
Low-Moderate | 364 (26) | 163 (45) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.19)) | 20 (5) | 1.11 (0.58, 2.12) | 32 (9) | 1.25 (0.73, 2.13) | 13 (4) | 1.06 (0.48, 2.38) | 18 (5) | 0.93 (0.49, 1.76) | 45 (12) | 1.23 (0.80, 1.88) |
Moderate-High | 359 (25) | 152 (42) | 1.0† | 16 (4) | 1.0† | 23 (6) | 1.0† | 11 (3) | 1.0† | 18 (5) | 1.0† | 35 (10) | 1.0† |
High | 325 (23) | 111 (34) | 0.86 (0.71, 1.04) | 15 (5) | 1.18 (0.59, 2.36) | 17 (5) | 0.90 (0.50, 1.62) | 4 (1) | 0.45 (0.15, 1.38) | 15 (5) | 0.97 (0.50, 1.88) | 26 (8) | 0.77 (0.47, 1.26) |
Females | |||||||||||||
Low | 380 (28) | 169 (44) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.06) | 23 (6) | 0.85 (0.47, 1.55) | 30 (8) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.45) | 13 (3) | 0.51 (0.25, 1.04) | 14 (4) | 0.61 (0.31, 1.18) | 45 (12) | 0.88 (0.58, 1.35) |
Low-Moderate | 353 (26) | 168 (48) | 0.99 (0.85, 1.15) | 24 (7) | 1.03 (0.57, 1.85) | 31 (9) | 0.92 (0.57, 1.50) | 9 (3) | 0.44 (0.20, 0.97) | 18 (5) | 0.79 (0.43, 1.45) | 33 (9) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.13) |
Moderate-High | 334 (24) | 149 (45) | 1.0† | 19 (6) | 1.0† | 28 (8) | 1.0† | 17 (5) | 1.0† | 21 (6) | 1.0† | 31 (9) | 1.0† |
High | 314 (23) | 128 (41) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.19) | 19 (6) | 1.29 (0.70, 2.35) | 20 (6) | 0.85 (0.49, 1.46) | 6 (2) | 0.48 (0.19, 1.23) | 12 (4) | 0.60 (0.30, 1.21) | 29 (9) | 0.82 (0.53, 1.28) |