Table 2 Adjusted relative risks (aRR) of pregnancy complications from any complication, preeclampsia (PE), gestational hypertension (GH), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA) according to vitamin D status categorised based on standardised quartiles and clinical definitions of vitamin D status
From: Vitamin D levels in an Australian and New Zealand cohort and the association with pregnancy outcome
Pregnancy Complications | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All women | Any Complication | PE | GH | GDM | sPTB | SGA | |||||||
n (%) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | n (%) | aRR* (95% CI) | |
Standardised Quartiles** | |||||||||||||
Low | 711 (25) | 328 (46) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 46 (6) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.57)) | 57 (8) | 0.97 (0.67, 1.42) | 28 (4) | 0.79 (0.47, 1.30) | 36 (5) | 0.83 (0.54, 1.29) | 84 (12) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39) |
Low-Moderate | 755 (27) | 318 (42) | 1.00 (0.90, 1.12) | 42 (6) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.64) | 65 (9) | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) | 25 (3) | 0.67 (0.39, 1.16) | 33 (4) | 0.87 (0.56, 1.35 | 72 (10) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.32) |
Moderate-High | 702 (25) | 309 (44) | 1.0† | 37 (5) | 1.0† | 50 (7) | 1.0† | 28 (4) | 1.0† | 39 (6) | 1.0† | 81 (12) | 1.0† |
High | 630 (23) | 258 (41) | 0.93 (0.82, 1.06)† | 35 (6) | 1.24 (0.78, 1.96) | 40 (6) | 0.87 (0.58, 1.30) | 10 (2) | 0.47 (0.23, 0.96) | 30 (5) | 0.77 (0.48, 1.25) | 60 (10) | 0.80 (0.57, 1.11) |
Vitamin D Status | |||||||||||||
<25 nmol/L | 99 (4) | 51 (52) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.36) | 8 (8) | 1.44 (0.68, 3.03)) | 6 (6) | 0.70 (0.32, 1.52) | 5 (5) | 0.98 (0.38, 2.52) | 7 (7) | 1.44 (0.68, 3.04) | 13 (13) | 1.15 (0.66, 2.01) |
25-50 nmol/L | 673 (24) | 301 (45) | 0.93 (0.83, 1.03) | 45 (7) | 1.18 (0.80, 1.75) | 59 (9) | 0.97 (0.71, 1.34) | 26 (4) | 0.89 (0.54, 1.47) | 29 (4) | 0.75 (0.48, 1.16) | 74 (11) | 0.93 (0.69, 1.24) |
>50-75 nmol/L | 928 (33) | 428 (46) | 1.0† | 48 (5) | 1.0† | 80 (9) | 1.0† | 35 (4) | 1.0† | 52 (6) | 1.0† | 107 (12) | 1.0† |
>75 nmol/L | 1098 (39) | 435 (40) | 0.95 (0.86, 1.04) | 60 (5) | 1.28 (0.87, 1.87) | 67 (6) | 0.82 (0.59, 1.12)† | 26 (2) | 0.78 (0.48, 1.28) | 51 (5) | 0.86 (0.59, 1.26) | 104 (9) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.12) |