Table 3 Adverse pregnancy outcomes and the anthropometric parameters in babies in the control and the study group
|  | AED group N = 75 (%) | Controls N = 53 (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Average age of the baby at examination (months) (SD) | ||||
 The total study population (N = 75) | 5.8 (+/− 6.73) |  |  | |
 Cases matched with controls (N = 53) | 3.52 (2.79) | 3.11 (+/−2.28) | 0.30 | |
Average POAa at delivery (weeks) (SD) | 38.22 (+/−3.50) | 38.52 (+/− 2.06) |  | |
Term deliveries | 70 (92.1) | 48 (90.5) | 0.66 | |
Preterm deliveries | 5 (6.57) | 2 (3.77) | 0.49 | |
Sex of the baby | ||||
 Male | 43 (57.33) | 29 (54.71) | 0.76 | |
 Female | 32 (42.66) | 24 (45.28) | 0.76 | |
Mode of delivery | ||||
 NVDb | 55 (73.33) | 34 (64.15) | 0.26 | |
 Forceps delivery | 1 (1.33) | 1 (1.88) | 0.80 | |
 Vacuum delivery | 1 (1.33) | 3 (5.66) | 0.16 | |
 Elective LSCSc | 6 (8) | 9 (16.19) | 0.06 | |
 Emergency LSCSc | 10 (13.33) | 7 (13.20) | 0.23 | |
Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) | 7 (9.33) | 1 (1.88) | 0.87 | |
Low birth weight | 16 (21.33) | 4 (−7.54) | 0.03 | |
Examination findings in babies | N = 53 | N = 53 |  | |
Congenital abnormalities (n,%) | 5 (9.43) | 2 (3.77) | 0.24 | |
 Atrio-ventricular septal defect | 2 (3.77) | 0 | – | |
 Renal hypoplasia | 1 (1.88) | 0 | – | |
 Cryptorchidism | 1 (1.88) | 0 | – | |
 Microcephaly | 1 (1.88) | 2 (3.77) | 0.35 | |
 Anencephaly | 0 | 0 | – | |
 Neural tube defects | 0 | 0 | – | |
 Cleft palate | 0 | 0 | – | |
Facial measurements (cm) | ||||
 Inner-canthal distance | 3.02 | 2.4 | 0.32 | |
 Outer-canthal distance | 9.3 | 8.37 | 0.83 | |
 Hair line to chin distance | 12.8 | 12.15 | 0.24 | |
Facial dysmorphism | ||||
 Mid-facial hypoplasia | 1 (1.66%) | 2 (3.77%) | 0.16 | |
 Smooth philtrum (Astley–Clarren scale 4 &5) | 16 (28.07%) | 1 (1.88%) | 0.0004 | |
 Hypertelorism | 1 (1.88%) | 1 (1.88%) | 0.74 | |
 Telecanthus | 1 (1.88%) | 0 | – | |
 Epicanthic folds | 1 (1.88%) | 0 | – | |
 Simian crease | 0 (1.88%) | 0 | – | |
Anthropometry | ||||
 At birth | Weight (Kg) | 2.74 | 2.91 | 0.263 |
Length (cm) | 51.52 | 51.53 | 0.363 | |
OFCd (cm) | 32.13 | 32.85 | 0.307 | |
 At the postpartum visit | Weight (Kg) | 4.12 | 4.97 | 0.009 |
Length (cm) | 55.53 | 58.09 | 0.016 | |
OFCd (cm) | 37.37 | 39.49 | 0.002 | |