Table 4 Panel ratings for potential factors relevant in distinguishing disordered eating in pregnancy from pregnancy-appropriate symptomatology
From: Signs and symptoms of disordered eating in pregnancy: a Delphi consensus study
Distinguishing foci | Panel | Mean (SD) | Mode | % of panel agreement | Consensus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Severity of behaviours | P | 4.88 (.43) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.80 (.41) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Severity of cognitions | P | 4.88 (.43) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Frequency of behaviours | P | 4.85 (.46) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.87 (.35) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Frequency of cognitions | P | 4.85 (.46) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Dietary behaviours in excess to recommended guidelines | P | 4.46 (.71) | 5.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 4.13 (.64) | 4.00 | 86.7% | Yes | |
Dietary behaviours in deficit to recommended guidelines | P | 4.73 (.60) | 5.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 4.33 (.62) | 4.00 | 93.3% | Yes | |
Exercise behaviours in excess to recommended guidelines | P | 4.35 (.75) | 5.00 | 84.6% | Yes |
C | 4.33 (.49) | 4.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Exercise behaviours in deficit to recommended guidelines | P | 3.19 (.90) | 3.00 | 34.6% | No |
C | 3.33 (1.11) | 3.00 | 40.0% | No | |
Appropriateness of gestational weight gain | P | 3.96 (.45) | 4.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 4.20 (.56) | 4.00 | 93.3% | Yes | |
Health risk or distress to fetus | P | 4.88 (.43) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Health risk or distress to mother | P | 4.85 (.54) | 5.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Distress of (or worry by) family | P | 3.92 (.48) | 4.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 4.13 (.92) | 4 /5.00 | 80.0% | Yes | |
History of pregnancy complications (e.g., miscarriage, premature labour) | P | 3.96 (.48) | 4.00 | 84.6% | Yes |
C | 4.67 (.72) | 5.00 | 86.7% | Yes | |
Level of physical impairment or impact | P | 4.04 (.66) | 4.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 4.93 (.26) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Level of psychological impairment or impact (e.g., affective state of mother) | P | 4.31 (.66) | 4.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Level of social impairment or impact | P | 4.12 (.59) | 4.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 4.93 (.26) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Level of relational impairment or impact | P | 4.04 (.59) | 4.00 | 84.6% | Yes |
C | 4.93 (.26) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Degree of flexibility with dietary rules | P | 4.58 (.58) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.47 (.52) | 4.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Level of insight and/or denial | P | 4.81 (.49) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.40 (.83) | 5.00 | 93.3% | Yes | |
Discrepancy between self-reported functioning and medical observations | P | 4.81 (.49) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Discrepancy between the woman’s report and partner/family reports | P | 4.73 (.53) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.73 (.46) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Available coping strategies (e.g., emotion regulation skills) | P | 4.00 (.63) | 4.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 4.80 (.41) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Available social support | P | 4.92 (.69) | 4.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 4.73 (.46) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
History of any psychiatric condition | P | 4.08 (.69) | 4.00 | 88.5% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
History of an eating disorder | P | 4.85 (.46) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 5.00 (.00) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
History of subclinical disordered eating behaviours | P | 4.85 (.46) | 5.00 | 96.2% | Yes |
C | 4.93 (.26) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Family history of an eating disorder | P | 4.00 (.57) | 4.00 | 92.3% | Yes |
C | 4.20 (.56) | 4.00 | 93.3% | Yes | |
Younger age (< 30 years) | P | 2.88 (.59) | 3.00 | 7.7% | No |
C | 1.40 (1.06) | 1.00 | 6.7% | No | |
Older age (> 30 years) | P | 2.85 (.54) | 3.00 | 3.8% | No |
C | 1.53 (1.25) | 1.00 | 13.3% | No | |
Ethnicity | P | 2.73 (.67) | 3.00 | 0.0% | No |
C | 1.60 (1.12) | 1.00 | 6.7% | No | |
Primigravidity (first pregnancy) | P | 2.96 (.44) | 3.00 | 7.7% | No |
C | 2.20 (1.52) | 1.00 | 20.0% | No | |
Multigravidity (subsequent pregnancies) | P | 2.88 (.52) | 3.00 | 3.8% | No |
C | 2.13 (1.41) | 1.00 | 20.0% | No | |
Ability to return to “normal eating” and regain feelings of control (w/out being restrictive) after bouts of pregnancy-related appetite changes a | P | 4.52 (.47) | 5.00 | 86.9% | Yes |
C | 4.73 (.53) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes | |
Intent behind the behaviour (e.g., restricting one’s food intake is only problematic if the intention is to minimise weight gain or lose weight during pregnancy, as opposed to restricting due to nausea) | P | – | – | – | – |
C | 4.93 (.26) | 5.00 | 100% | Yes |