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Table 4 Prevalence of pregnancy risk factors for infant mortality, by maternal corrections exposure and Indigenous status

From: Determinants of infant mortality for children of women prisoners: a longitudinal linked data study

 

Indigenous infants

Non-Indigenous infants

Prison (before preg.)

Prison (during preg.)

Prison (after birth)

Community correct.

No correct.

Prison (before preg.)

Prison (during preg.)

Prison (after birth)

Community correct

No correct

n = 2857

n = 802

n = 3658

n = 5828

n = 12,817

n = 667

n = 249

n = 2588

n = 653

n = 12,555

Very low (0–5%) SESa

%

22.9

22.7

29.1

29.8

25.7

13.3

13.4

12.8

12.3

3.8

RR

0.89

0.88

1.13

1.16

ref.

3.48

3.49

3.35

3.20

ref.

p-value

0.002

0.057

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

Multiple gestation

%

1.9

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.1

4.0

1.6

2.4

2.6

2.5

RR

0.86

1.39

1.18

1.17

ref.

1.60

0.63

0.93

1.03

ref.

p-value

0.328

0.113

0.152

0.126

 

0.017

0.362

0.602

0.911

 

Birth spacing < 18mths

%

17.9

11.2

14.1

12.8

9.6

12.7

8.0

9.8

10.4

5.6

RR

1.87

1.17

1.47

1.34

ref.

2.27

1.43

1.75

1.86

ref.

p-value

<.001

0.127

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

0.099

<.001

<.001

 

Maternal age < 20 yrs.

%

15.3

28.6

41.7

33.1

28.3

9.3

10

25.9

26

6.6

RR

0.54

1.01

1.47

1.17

ref.

1.40

1.51

3.91

3.92

ref.

p-value

<.001

0.895

<.001

<.001

 

0.007

0.032

<.001

<.001

 

Placental disordersb

%

0.5

0.7

0.6

0.7

0.4

0.1

0.8

1.1

1.1

0.4

RR

1.17

1.92

1.54

1.72

ref.

0.34

1.83

2.56

2.45

ref.

p-value

0.620

0.130

0.090

0.011

 

0.288

0.398

<.001

0.025

 

PROMc

%

6.8

5.5

5.1

5.2

4.0

5.5

3.2

3.7

3.2

2.3

RR

1.71

1.39

1.28

1.32

ref.

2.41

1.4

1.59

1.40

ref.

p-value

<.001

0.032

0.003

<.001

 

<.001

0.344

<.001

0.133

 

Substance used

%

3.2

7.4

2.2

1.6

0.7

12.3

10.0

4.7

3.2

0.4

RR

4.64

10.59

3.15

2.27

ref.

30.87

25.21

11.74

8.08

ref.

p-value

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

External injurye

%

10.9

14.5

9.4

6.5

2.9

6.9

6.4

3.4

2.1

0.9

RR

3.78

5.02

3.26

2.25

ref.

7.46

6.95

3.72

2.32

ref.

p-value

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

<.001

<.001

0.003

 

Mental health contactf

%

6.7

8.4

3.6

3.1

1.6

13.5

10.8

5.0

5.1

1.2

RR

4.20

5.22

2.27

1.96

ref.

11.15

8.96

4.15

4.17

ref.

p-value

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

Sibling in contact CPg

%

11.6

14.3

5.2

2.6

0.7

12.9

11.2

4.4

1.5

0.05

RR

15.68

19.35

6.97

3.50

ref.

269.80

235.30

91.36

32.04

ref.

p-value

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 

<.001

<.001

<.001

<.001

 
  1. a46 Indigenous and 38 non-Indigenous infants missing socioeconomic status
  2. bExcludes placenta previa
  3. cPremature rupture of membranes
  4. dSubstance use (including alcohol) or poisoning related service contact (Mental Health or Hospital)
  5. eHospitalisation for external causes of injury in pregnancy (excludes poisoning)
  6. fMental health related service contact in pregnancy (excludes substance use) (Mental Health or Hospital)
  7. gOlder sibling(s) in contact with child protection system in infant’s pregnancy