From: Determinants of infant mortality for children of women prisoners: a longitudinal linked data study
 | Indigenous infants | Non-Indigenous infants | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prison (before preg.) | Prison (during preg.) | Prison (after birth) | Community correct. | No correct. | Prison (before preg.) | Prison (during preg.) | Prison (after birth) | Community correct | No correct | |
n = 2857 | n = 802 | n = 3658 | n = 5828 | n = 12,817 | n = 667 | n = 249 | n = 2588 | n = 653 | n = 12,555 | |
Very low (0–5%) SESa | ||||||||||
% | 22.9 | 22.7 | 29.1 | 29.8 | 25.7 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 12.8 | 12.3 | 3.8 |
RR | 0.89 | 0.88 | 1.13 | 1.16 | ref. | 3.48 | 3.49 | 3.35 | 3.20 | ref. |
p-value | 0.002 | 0.057 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |
Multiple gestation | ||||||||||
% | 1.9 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 |
RR | 0.86 | 1.39 | 1.18 | 1.17 | ref. | 1.60 | 0.63 | 0.93 | 1.03 | ref. |
p-value | 0.328 | 0.113 | 0.152 | 0.126 | Â | 0.017 | 0.362 | 0.602 | 0.911 | Â |
Birth spacing < 18mths | ||||||||||
% | 17.9 | 11.2 | 14.1 | 12.8 | 9.6 | 12.7 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 5.6 |
RR | 1.87 | 1.17 | 1.47 | 1.34 | ref. | 2.27 | 1.43 | 1.75 | 1.86 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | 0.127 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | 0.099 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |
Maternal age < 20 yrs. | ||||||||||
% | 15.3 | 28.6 | 41.7 | 33.1 | 28.3 | 9.3 | 10 | 25.9 | 26 | 6.6 |
RR | 0.54 | 1.01 | 1.47 | 1.17 | ref. | 1.40 | 1.51 | 3.91 | 3.92 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | 0.895 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | 0.007 | 0.032 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |
Placental disordersb | ||||||||||
% | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
RR | 1.17 | 1.92 | 1.54 | 1.72 | ref. | 0.34 | 1.83 | 2.56 | 2.45 | ref. |
p-value | 0.620 | 0.130 | 0.090 | 0.011 | Â | 0.288 | 0.398 | <.001 | 0.025 | Â |
PROMc | ||||||||||
% | 6.8 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 2.3 |
RR | 1.71 | 1.39 | 1.28 | 1.32 | ref. | 2.41 | 1.4 | 1.59 | 1.40 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | 0.032 | 0.003 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | 0.344 | <.001 | 0.133 | Â |
Substance used | ||||||||||
% | 3.2 | 7.4 | 2.2 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 12.3 | 10.0 | 4.7 | 3.2 | 0.4 |
RR | 4.64 | 10.59 | 3.15 | 2.27 | ref. | 30.87 | 25.21 | 11.74 | 8.08 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |
External injurye | ||||||||||
% | 10.9 | 14.5 | 9.4 | 6.5 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 0.9 |
RR | 3.78 | 5.02 | 3.26 | 2.25 | ref. | 7.46 | 6.95 | 3.72 | 2.32 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | 0.003 | Â |
Mental health contactf | ||||||||||
% | 6.7 | 8.4 | 3.6 | 3.1 | 1.6 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 1.2 |
RR | 4.20 | 5.22 | 2.27 | 1.96 | ref. | 11.15 | 8.96 | 4.15 | 4.17 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |
Sibling in contact CPg | ||||||||||
% | 11.6 | 14.3 | 5.2 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 12.9 | 11.2 | 4.4 | 1.5 | 0.05 |
RR | 15.68 | 19.35 | 6.97 | 3.50 | ref. | 269.80 | 235.30 | 91.36 | 32.04 | ref. |
p-value | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | <.001 | Â |