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Table 1 Paternal and maternal characteristics in 683,785 births in Norway, 1999–2010

From: Paternal characteristics associated with maternal periconceptional use of folic acid supplementation

 

Births

Fathers

%

Mothers

%

Number of births

683,785

100.0

683,785

100.0

Age

 < 20

4401

0.6

15,464

2.3

 20–24

48,448

7.1

100,016

14.6

 25–29

162,671

23.8

223,480

32.7

 30–34

235,401

34.4

228,203

33.4

 35–39

151,540

22.2

99,727

14.6

 40+

81,324

11.9

16,895

2.5

Education

 Compulsory education (1–9 years)

130,953

19.2

125,479

18.4

 Intermediate (10–12 years)

302,384

44.2

230,320

33.7

 Tertiary education (13–19 years)

229,818

33.6

298,036

43.6

 Missing data

20,630

3.0

29,950

4.4

Occupational class a

 I Higher professionals

86,635

12.7

50,650

7.4

 II Lower professionals

152,781

22.3

122,804

18.0

 IIIa Higher routine

77,540

11.3

197,174

28.8

 IIIb Lower routine

40,070

5.9

114,795

16.8

 IV Other self-employed workers

358

0.1

119

0.0

 V Technicians

5550

0.8

1492

0.2

 VI Skilled

108,755

15.9

15,961

2.3

 VII Semiskilled and unskilled

111,584

16.3

73,994

10.8

 VIIb Agricultural

7663

1.1

2720

0.4

 Unclassified

52,824

7.7

51,264

7.5

 Missing data

40,025

5.9

52,812

7.7

Country of origin b

Norway

574,602

84.0

567,241

83.0

High income countries

33,487

4.9

30,920

4.5

Low/middle-income countries

75,497

11.0

85,597

12.5

Missing data

199

0.0

27

0.0

Marital status

 Unmarried

  

37,057

5.4

 Married/Partnership

  

634,283

92.8

 Divorced

  

3417

0.5

 Missing data

  

9028

1.3

In vitro fertilization (IVF)

 No

  

669,024

97.8

 Yes

  

14,761

2.2

Birth order

 1

  

280,178

41.0

 2

  

244,532

35.8

 ≥3

  

159,075

23.3

Maternal chronic disease c

 No

  

623,817

91.2

 Yes

  

59,968

8.8

Maternal smoking before pregnancy

 Non-smoker

  

456,797

66.8

 Intermittent

  

18,518

2.7

 Daily

  

93,662

13.7

 Missing data

  

114,808

16.8

Maternal folic acid use in pregnancy

 No use

  

371,820

54.4

 Only before

  

8930

1.3

 Only during

  

192,169

28.1

 Before and during

  

110,866

16.2

  1. aCategorized according to the class scheme of Erikson, Goldthorpe and Portocarero (EGP) [33]
  2. bCategorized according to the classification by World Health Organization, Health statistics and information systems, Estimates for 2000–2012 [34]
  3. cAsthma, hypertension, kidney disease, chronic urinary infection, rheumatoid arthritis, heart disease, epilepsy, diabetes mellitus (type I or II), and thyroid disease
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