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Table 1 Participant characteristics according to energy reporting status

From: The characterisation of overweight and obese women who are under reporting energy intake during pregnancy

Outcomes

 

10–20 weeks (total sample, n = 923)

10–20 weeks (completers, n = 497)

36 weeks (n = 504)

UR

N = 359 (38.9%)

AR

N = 564 (61.1%)

P

UR

N = 188

37.8%)

AR

N = 309

(62.2%)

P

UR

N = 251 (49.8%)

AR

N = 253 (50.2%)

P

EI/BMR

mean ± SD

0.71 ± 0.15

1.25 ± 0.26

< 0.001

0.72 ± 0.13

1.25 ± 0.27

< 0.001

0.68 ± 0.14

1.21 ± 0.26

< 0.001

Physical activity (MET/min/wk)

mean ± SD

6838.3 ± 4309.1

7661.5 ± 198.1

0.008

6877.8 ± 4073.6

7555.7 ± 4099.4

0.074

5489.0 ± 3889.7

5568.3 ± 3680.9

0.816

Energy intake (kJ)

mean ± SD

5707.5 ± 1215.0

9726.3 ± 2082.2

< 0.001

5776.8 ± 1142.9

9673.7 ± 2101.0

< 0.001

5986.5 ± 1258.9

10,400.8 ± 2202.9

< 0.001

HEI total

mean ± SD

71.5 ± 7.8

73.0 ± 7.0

0.002

72.2 ± 7.7

73.4 ± 6.9

0.085

70.8 ± 7.9

71.5 ± 7.5

0.319

Age (years)

mean ± SD

28.5 ± 5.5

30.2 ± 5.2

< 0.001

28.9 ± 5.1

30.4 ± 29.9

0.001

29.4 ± 5.2

30.4 ± 5.0

0.029

<  20 years

16 (4.5%)

10 (1.8%)

0.002

4 (2.1%)

5 (1.6%)

0.241

5 (2.0%)

4 (1.6%)

0.505

20- < 30 years

193 (53.8%)

255 (45.2%)

 

96 (51.1%)

134 (43.4%)

 

123 (49.0%)

109 (43.1%)

 

30- < 40 years

141 (39.3%)

276 (48.9%)

 

85 (45.2%)

159 (51.5%)

 

117 (46.6%)

131 (51.8%)

 

≥40 years

9 (2.5%)

23 (4.1%)

 

3 (1.6%)

11 (3.6%)

 

6 (2.4%)

9 (3.6%)

 

Weight (kg)

mean ± SD

92.7 ± 18.0

84.7 ± 15.8

< 0.001

91.7 ± 17.6

83.3 ± 14.5

< 0.001

99.4 ± 17.4

93.4 ± 13.3

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

mean ± SD

33.9 ± 6.1

31.3 ± 5.4

< 0.001

33.5 ± 6.2

30.8 ± 5.0

< 0.001

36.7 ± 5.8

34.3 ± 4.6

< 0.001

Overweight

119 (33.1%)

287 (50.9%)

< 0.001

65 (34.6%)

162 (52.4%)

< 0.001

20 (8.0%)

34 (13.4%)

< 0.001

Obese class I

98 (27.3%)

163 (28.9%)

 

56 (29.8%)

96 (31.1%)

 

97 (38.6%)

129 (51.0%)

 

Obese class II

81 (22.6%)

70 (12.4%)

 

38 (20.2%)

34 (11.0%)

 

72 (28.7%)

63 (24.9%)

 

Obese class III

61 (17.0%)

44 (7.8%)

 

29 (15.4%)

17 (5.5%)

 

62 (24.7%)

27 (10.7%)

 

Parity

0

155 (43.2%)

219 (38.8%)

0.190

84 (44.7%)

130 (42.1%)

0.569

115 (45.8%)

102 (40.3%)

0.212

≥1

204 (56.8%)

345 (61.2%)

 

104 (55.3%)

179 (57.9%)

 

136 (54.2%)

151 (59.7%)

 

Smoking

No

308 (88.0%)

498 (90.5%)

0.224

165 (89.7%)

286 (94.4%)

0.054

25 (89.8%)

11 (95.6%)

0.014

Yes

42 (12.0%)

52 (9.5%)

 

19 (10.3%)

17 (5.6%)

 

221 (10.2%)

237 (4.4%)

 

SEIFA

Quintile 1

105 (29.3%)

164 (29.1%)

0.194

48 (25.5%)

72 (23.3%)

0.382

70 (27.9%)

50 (19.8%)

0.056

Quintile 2

102 (28.5%)

124 (22.0%)

 

58 (30.9%)

75 (24.3%)

 

73 (29.1%)

64 (25.3%)

 

Quintile 3

48 (13.4%)

92 (16.3%)

 

29 (15.4%)

54 (17.5%)

 

41 (16.3%)

43 (17.0%)

 

Quintile 4

51 (14.2%)

93 (16.5%)

 

28 (14.9%)

54 (17.5%)

 

35 (13.9%)

48 (19.0%)

 

Quintile 5

52 (14.5%)

91 (16.1%)

 

25 (13.3%)

54 (17.5%)

 

32 (12.7%)

48 (19.0%)

 

Ethnicity

Caucasian

330 (91.9%)

515 (91.3%)

0.745

176 (93.6%)

288 (93.2%)

0.858

233 (92.8%)

236 (93.3%)

0.157

Non-Caucasian

29 (9.1%)

49 (8.7%)

 

12 (6.4%)

21 (6.8%)

 

18 (7.2%)

17 (6.7%)

 
  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or proportions and were analysed by independent t test or chi squared tests
  2. Over reporters were excluded from analysis
  3. AR Adequate reporter, ATSI Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, EI/BMR energy intake: basal metabolic rate, GDM gestational diabetes mellitus; HEI Healthy Eating Index, MET Metabolic equivalent, SD Standard deviation, SEIFA Socioeconomic indices for areas disadvantage score South Asian: Indian/Pakistan/Sri Lankan, UR under reporter
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