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Table 3 Association between isthmocele and demographic background variables

From: Risk factors for Korean women to develop an isthmocele after a cesarean section

 

Univariable

Multivariable

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P value

OR (95% CI)

P value

Age (years)

1.03 (0.98–1.08)

0.268

  

Number of CS

1.34 (0.95–1.88)

0.095

 

BMI (before pregnancy)

1.04 (0.98–1.10)

0.216

 

BMI (during pregnancy)

1.01 (0.95–1.06)

0.815

 

Parity

1.27 (0.93–1.72)

0.128

 

Preterm experience

1.07 (0.66–1.72)

0.796

 

Reason for CS

 Repeat CS

1.75 (1.10–2.80)

0.019*

2.30 (1.26–4.23)

0.007*

 Fetal distress

1.05 (0.55–2.01)

0.888

  

 PPT

0.46 (0.23–0.93)

0.031*

 

 Preeclampsia

0.72 (0.34–1.54)

0.399

 

 Breech

0.56 (0.28–1.10)

0.091

 

 Twin

0.25 (0.11–0.59)

0.001*

0.25 (0.11–0.59)

0.001*

 Arrest of descent

1.38 (0.50–3.78)

0.537

  

 Arrest of dilatation

1.79 (0.21–15.52)

0.596

 

PROM

1.90 (1.08–3.34)

0.027*

  

Type of CS

 Elective CS

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Emergency CS

1.48 (0.95–2.30)

0.087

 

Pregnancy (weeks)

1.02 (0.94–1.11)

0.625

  

Birth weight

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.679

 

Operation time (total, min)

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

0.011*

0.97 (0.96–0.99)

0.002*

 From skin incision to baby out

0.95 (0.91–1.00)

0.037

  

 From baby out to skin closure

0.98 (0.97–1.00)

0.024

 

Repair of uterine incision

 Single layer

Reference

 

Reference

 

 Double layer

0.88 (0.55–1.40)

0.579

 

Induction of labor

1.37 (0.74–2.55)

0.316

  

Oxytocin augmentation during labor

1.81 (0.93–3.53)

0.081

 

Duration of active labor

 

0.224

  

 not in active labor

Reference

 

Reference

 

  < 5 h

1.75 (0.94–3.27)

0.079

 

 5–9 h

1.91 (0.62–5.82)

0.257

 

  ≥ 10 h

1.41 (0.70–2.84)

0.333

 

With uterine contractions

1.52 (0.96–2.41)

0.072

  

Cervical dilatation at CS

 

0.072

 

0.002*

 closed

Reference

 

Reference

 

  ≤ 4 cm

1.68 (1.00–2.83)

0.051

3.04 (1.57–5.92)

0.001*

 5–7 cm

4.41 (1.01–19.37)

0.049

13.11 (1.77–97.27)

0.012*

  ≥ 8 cm

1.26 (0.51–3.12)

0.614

2.04 (0.71–5.91)

0.188

Ratio (E/F)

1.27 (0.94–1.72)

0.124

  

Blood transfusion

0.33 (0.14–0.79)

0.013*

 
  1. Multivariable logistic regression model was performed by backward elimination methods. Because of missing data, some isthmocele variables were not calculated
  2. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant