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Table 4 Bivariate distribution of selected birth companionship variables by demographic and facility characteristics, PQCC Study 2016

From: Companionship during facility-based childbirth: results from a mixed-methods study with recently delivered women and providers in Kenya

 

Accompanied to facility

Allowed continuous support during

Labor

Delivery

No.

%

No.

%

No.

%

Age

 15 to 19 years

156

96.3**

118

72.8

58

35.8

 20 to 29 years

442

86.5

352

69.2

153

29.9

 30 to 48 years

172

84.3

130

63.7

56

27.5

Marital Status

 Not married

172

90.5

137

72.1

69

36.3*

 Currently married

598

87

463

67.6

198

28.8

Number of births

 1.0

274

94.5***

216

74.5**

102

35.2

 2.0

163

88.1

134

73.2

51

27.6

 3.0

137

84

103

63.2

53

32.5

 4 or more

196

82

147

61.5

61

25.5

Education

 No school/Primary

425

85.9

323

65.4*

132

26.7*

 Post-primary/vocational/Secondary

246

90.8

189

70

99

36.5

 College or above

99

89.2

88

79.3

36

32.4

Literacy

 No, cannot write

28

90.3

13

41.9***

7

22.6***

 Yes, but with some difficulty

122

86.5

84

59.6

20

14.2

 Yes, Very well

620

87.9

503

71.6

240

34

Household wealth

 Poorest/poorer

332

87.4

236

62.3**

105

27.6*

 Middle

122

90.4

93

68.9

37

27.4

 Richer/richest

316

87.3

271

75.1

125

34.5

Employed

 No

576

87.5

427

65.1***

198

30.1

 Yes

194

88.6

173

79

69

31.5

Pregnancy complication

 No

431

87.2

349

70.8

168

34**

 Yes

339

88.5

251

65.7

99

25.8

Birth Complication

 No

633

87.8

515

71.6***

242

33.6***

 Yes

137

87.8

85

54.5

25

16

Past health facility delivery

 No

315

92.1**

242

70.8

117

34.2

 Yes

455

85

358

67.2

150

28

ANC visits

 Less than 4

240

83.6**

200

69.7

92

32.1

 4 plus

526

89.9

396

67.8

173

29.6

Tribe

 Luo

496

84.9***

426

73.1***

189

32.4

 Kuria

200

96.2

117

56.5

53

25.5

 Other

74

87.1

57

67.1

25

29.4

Religion

 Catholic

215

88.8

175

72.6

68

28.1

 Protestant/Pentecostal

165

86.4

122

63.9

53

27.7

 Seventh Day Adventist

236

89.7

182

69.5

94

35.7

 Other Christian

142

85.5

112

67.5

46

27.7

 Muslim/other religion

12

80

9

60

6

40

Delivery facility type

 Gov’t Hospital

369

91.3**

257

63.9**

115

28.5

 Gov’t Health Center

303

83.7

273

75.4

114

31.5

 Mission/Private facility

98

88.3

70

63.1

38

34.2

Delivery provider

 Nurse/Midwife

578

88.1

462

70.6**

209

31.9

 Doctor/Clinical Officer

119

86.9

89

65

40

29.2

 Non-skilled attendant

17

81

17

81

8

38.1

 1plus skilled providers

56

88.9

32

50.8

10

15.9

Delivery Provider sex

 Male

294

89.4

206

62.6*

82

24.9*

 Female

445

86.6

370

72.3

173

33.7

 Both

31

91.2

24

70.6

12

35.3

Accompanied by

 Partner

  No

  

434

69.7

208

33.3**

  Yes

  

166

65.9

59

23.3

 Mother-in-law

  No

  

442

70

186

29.4

  Yes

  

158

64.8

81

33.1

 Mother

  No

  

525

67.9

231

29.8

  Yes

  

75

73.5

36

35.3

 Sister/Sister in law

  No

  

465

65.7***

223

31.4

  Yes

  

135

80.8

44

26.3

 Friend/Neighbor

  No

  

519

68.2

238

31.2

  Yes

  

81

71.1

29

25.4

 Facility crowded

  No or a few times

  

425

72.2**

172

29.1

  Most or all the time

  

173

60.9

94

33.1

 Desired labor companion

  No

  

68

47.9***

  

  Yes

  

459

73.9

  

  Don’t know

  

3

60

  

 Desired delivery companion

  No

    

92

18.8***

  Yes

    

135

49.6

  Don’t know

    

4

50

Total

770

87.8

600

68.6

267

30.4

  1. * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001