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Table 2 Childbirth intervention rates by region total, and in subgroups by setting, stratified by parity (percentages)

From: Regional variations in childbirth interventions in the Netherlands: a nationwide explorative study

Nulliparous women, total and by care setting at the onset of labour (abbreviated as ‘midwife’ or ‘obstetrician’)

 

Total

GR

FR

DR

OV

FL

GD

UT

NH

ZH

ZL

NB

LB

Total n

 All women

276,701

8901

9564

6785

18,051

7233

30,961

23,662

49,582

63,785

4853

38,544

14,780

 Midwife

153,091

4827

5701

3550

10,292

3979

18,559

14,293

29,280

32,817

2695

20,2019

6879

 Obstetrician

121,612

4045

3831

3217

7648

3230

12,247

9266

19,663

30,283

2140

18,198

7844

Induction of labour, %

 All women

21.2

24.8

20.7

26.2

23.3

20.8

18.6

18.0

19.1

23.0

22.4

21.4

24.4

 Obstetrician

48.2

54.6

52.2

55.1

54.3

46.9

47.0

46.1

47.6

48.0

51.2

45.5

46.3

Augmentation after spontaneous onset of labour, %

 All women

42.9

40.7

38.0

41.5

36.2

48.4

44.3

45.9

43.7

42.1

33.5

45.6

42.2

 Midwife

39.1

37.9

34.8

37.5

32.7

43.3

41.2

43.4

40.3

37.1

29.5

41.8

37.6

 Obstetrician

54.5

49.9

51.5

53.9

48.9

62.6

55.1

54.7

55.6

54.9

47.1

56.0

52.0

Intrapartum oxytocin use, %

 All women

62.2

62.4

61.7

63.3

59.0

66.5

64.3

65.6

63.4

62.4

55.1

59.9

58.0

 Obstetrician

61.6

64.6

64.4

67.5

60.9

69.5

63.2

63.7

62.1

60.9

56.5

58.7

58.4

Epidural, %

 All women without prelabour CS

27.4

25.4

20.1

12.3

27.7

13.7

27.6

31.0

22.3

27.3

19.1

37.5

36.4

 Midwife

19.8

19.5

14.2

7.9

19.8

8.7

20.9

24.4

16.0

17.9

13.0

28.8

26.2

 Obstetrician without prelabour CS

38.1

33.1

30.0

17.7

39.3

20.1

38.7

42.4

32.6

38.5

27.7

48.4

46.3

Other pharmacological pain relief, %

 All women without prelabour CS

21.6

20.1

20.6

38.2

16.2

43.0

17.6

14.8

24.6

22.3

25.6

17.2

27.9

 Midwife

17.7

14.7

16.5

30.0

13.0

35.4

14.8

13.1

21.2

17.6

19.0

14.8

20.9

 Obstetrician without prelabour CS

27.1

27.1

27.6

48.0

20.8

53.1

22.0

17.7

29.8

28.0

34.8

20.1

34.7

Spontaneous vaginal birth, %

 All women

65.2

62.4

64.0

66.0

64.1

64.6

67.4

66.8

64.6

64.1

66.2

66.2

64.9

 Midwife

74.3

72.0

72.7

74.5

73.1

71.8

75.6

75.2

73.2

74.3

75.9

75.7

75.8

 Obstetrician

53.6

51.2

51.2

56.6

51.9

55.9

54.9

53.9

51.8

53.0

53.9

55.4

55.4

Instrumental vaginal birth, %

 All women (without prelabour CS)

17.9

19.3

17.8

17.5

19.4

18.5

17.1

17.2

18.3

19.1

17.0

16.2

16.6

 Midwife

17.0

18.5

17.1

17.7

18.3

18.5

16.4

16.3

17.5

17.3

15.6

15.9

15.9

 Obstetrician (without prelabour CS)

19.2

20.2

18.9

17.4

21.1

18.5

18.2

18.7

19.7

21.1

18.9

16.5

17.3

Caesarean Section, %

 All women

17.8

19.3

19.0

17.2

17.4

17.6

16.3

16.7

17.9

17.7

17.6

18.5

19.4

Prelabour CS, %

 All women

4.5

4.6

4.7

4.1

4.4

3.6

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.6

5.2

5.8

 Obstetrician

10.2

10.0

11.5

8.6

10.2

7.9

10.2

10.6

10.7

9.2

10.4

11.1

10.8

Intrapartum CS, %

 All women (without prelabour CS)

13.9

15.4

15.1

13.7

13.6

14.6

12.7

13.1

14.2

13.9

13.7

14.0

14.4

 Midwife

8.6

9.6

10.2

7.7

8.5

9.7

7.9

8.5

9.3

8.4

8.5

8.3

8.2

 Obstetrician (without prelabour CS)

21.2

23.0

23.3

20.9

21.2

21.0

20.7

21.1

22.3

20.5

21.0

21.2

20.6

Involvement paediatrician < 24 h, %

 All women

50.4

59.6

49.9

51.1

47.7

48.3

55.9

60.0

36.9

50.8

46.9

53.0

60.3

 Midwife

38.1

45.6

37.9

37.2

34.8

38.1

43.4

49.0

26.9

36.5

32.5

42.5

47.0

 Obstetrician

65.8

76.3

67.6

66.5

64.8

60.8

74.7

76.9

51.6

66.4

65.6

64.5

71.9

Multiparous women, total and by care setting at the onset of labour (abbreviated as ‘midwife’ or ‘obstetrician’)

 

Total

GR

FR

DR

OV

FL

GD

UT

NH

ZH

ZL

NB

LB

Total n

 All women

338,029

10,540

13,004

9090

24,818

10,228

40,325

29,231

56,366

75,788

6474

45,643

16,522

 Midwife

174,918

5186

7200

4334

13,630

4963

22,842

16,308

30,470

37,206

3373

21,821

7585

 Obstetrician

161,286

5331

5765

4735

11,070

5246

17,324

12,812

25,414

37,940

3082

23,705

8862

Induction of labour, %

 All women

19.7

23.8

19.0

25.4

20.2

22.2

17.7

16.6

18.0

21.1

20.6

20.1

21.2

 Obstetrician

41.1

47.0

43.0

48.8

44.8

43.3

41.1

37.6

39.4

41.7

43.3

38.8

39.7

Augmentation after spontaneous onset of labour, %

 All women

17.3

14.5

14.8

18.0

14.0

22.6

17.2

16.1

17.9

18.4

12.4

18.8

16.6

 Midwife

11.2

8.8

9.5

12.0

8.6

14.2

11.3

11.5

12.1

11.6

7.1

11.7

10.1

 Obstetrician

33.2

29.3

32.5

33.2

30.9

41.3

34.3

29.4

34.6

33.9

27.2

33.8

30.2

Intrapartum oxytocin use, %

 All women

44.7

47.0

47.6

51.7

44.5

51.7

46.3

43.4

45.4

45.6

41.4

40.1

39.7

 Obstetrician

45.8

50.3

50.0

54.2

46.6

54.3

47.8

43.9

45.8

45.9

42.9

41.0

41.5

Epidural, %

 All women without prelabour CS

9.6

8.9

7.0

4.6

8.4

4.9

9.3

10.4

8.0

9.7

7.6

13.8

13.8

 Midwife

3.0

2.7

2.0

0.8

2.2

1.6

3.0

4.2

2.6

2.6

2.3

4.8

4.3

 Obstetrician without prelabour CS

18.1

16.0

14.5

8.6

17.5

8.6

18.7

19.9

15.8

18.1

14.7

23.8

23.6

Other pharmacological pain relief, %

 All women without prelabour CS

14.5

12.4

14.3

22.9

11.7

26.8

11.2

9.8

14.5

15.1

14.4

15.0

19.9

 Midwife

6.6

5.0

5.6

9.5

5.2

12.6

5.3

5.1

7.2

6.5

4.7

7.9

8.4

 Obstetrician without prelabour CS

24.6

20.8

27.3

37.3

21.3

42.5

20.0

17.0

25.0

25.1

26.8

23.0

31.7

Spontaneous vaginal birth, %

 All women

83.7

82.9

82.5

83.8

83.6

84.9

86.1

84.2

82.8

83.4

83.9

83.6

81.7

 Midwife

96.9

96.6

96.2

97.3

96.6

96.9

97.2

97.1

96.8

96.8

97.1

96.9

97.1

 Obstetrician

69.3

69.7

65.2

71.5

67.5

73.6

71.5

67.9

66.0

70.1

69.4

71.1

68.6

Instrumental vaginal birth, %

 All women (without prelabour CS)

3.5

3.7

4.1

3.5

4.2

3.1

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.8

3.7

3.1

3.5

 Midwife

1.8

1.7

2.1

1.7

2.2

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

 Obstetrician (without prelabour CS)

5.7

6.0

7.0

5.5

7.2

4.8

5.9

5.3

5.4

6.0

6.1

4.6

5.4

Caesarean Section, %

 All women

13.2

13.7

13.8

13.0

12.6

12.2

10.8

12.9

14.3

13.2

12.7

13.6

15.2

Prelabour CS, %

 All women

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.2

5.8

8.0

8.5

7.9

7.7

8.2

9.8

 Obstetrician

16.4

15.6

17.6

14.7

17.1

14.0

13.4

18.2

18.8

15.6

16.3

15.9

18.0

Intrapartum CS, %

 All women (without prelabour CS)

5.8

6.2

6.4

5.7

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.4

6.3

5.8

5.4

5.9

6.0

 Midwife

1.3

1.7

1.6

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.4

1.1

1.4

1.1

 Obstetrician (without prelabour CS)

11.6

11.4

13.8

10.7

11.4

9.6

11.5

11.8

13.4

11.0

11.2

10.9

11.0

Involvement paediatrician < 24 h, %

 All women

35.6

41.1

34.5

36.3

33.9

34.0

37.8

41.9

25.6

37.0

36.0

37.0

42.7

 Midwife

14.6

16.6

14.2

13.7

13.1

14.8

16.4

19.6

9.2

14.4

11.7

16.8

19.2

 Obstetrician

58.2

65.0

59.9

57.0

59.3

52.0

66.1

70.2

45.2

59.1

62.7

55.5

62.7

  1. Percentage of missing data: 0.6 for midwife- or obstetrician-led care, 0.7% for spontaneous vaginal birth, 0.7% for instrumental birth, 0.7% for caesarean section, 0.8% for induction of labour, 0.6% for augmentation of labour, 0.0% for oxytocin use, 0.4% for epidural and other pharmacological pain relief, 0.3% for involvement paediatrician < 24 h