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Table 5 Outcomes of the Infants in the Fetoscope versus the Doppler Groups

From: Intermittent fetal heart rate monitoring using a fetoscope or hand held Doppler in rural Tanzania: a randomized controlled trial

Outcomes

Fetoscope

n = 1375

Doppler

n = 1309

Effect measurea

p-value

FHR abnormalities

49 (3.5)

66 (5.0)

1.42 (0.98, 2.03)

0.064

 Abnormal FHR

42 (3.1)

56 (4.2)

1.38 (0.93, 2.04)

0.109

 Not measured FHR

7 (0.5)

10 (0.7)

1.5 (0.57, 3.93)

0.40

Time interval admission to first abnormal FHR assessment (minutes)

520 ± 386

429 ± 321

90.2 (−63.9, 244.3)

0.248

Time interval abnormal FHR to birth (minutes)

90.8 ± 122

95.1 ± 132

−4.34 (−58.2, 49.5)

0.873

Time interval last recorded FHR to birth (minutes)

79.1 ± 185

79.5 ± 188

−0.43 (−14.6, 13.8)

0.952

Cesarean Section

286 (20.8)

273 (20.9)

1.00 (0.87, 1.16)

0.972

Bag mask ventilation

82 (6.0)

80 (6.1)

1.03 (0.76, 1.38)

0.872

Apgar Score < 7

 1 Minute

46 (3.3)

43 (3.3)

0.98 (0.65, 1.48)

0.921

 5 Minutes

11 (0.8)

10 (0.8)

0.95 (0.40, 2.24)

0.914

Adverse perinatal outcome

35 (2.5)

32 (2.4)

0.96 (0.59, 1.54)

0.867

 Fresh stillbirths

4 (0.3)

3 (0.2)

0.78 (0.17, 3.51)

0.527

 Early neonatal deaths

5 (0.4)

9 (0.7)

1.89 (0.63, 5.63)

0.244

 Admitted neonatal area

26 (1.9)

20 (1.5)

0.81 (0.45, 1.44)

0.475

  1. Values given are n (%) unless otherwise stated
  2. aEffect measure = Risk Ratio for categorical variables and Mean Difference for continuous variables