Table 1 Participants’ characteristics (N = 60)

Age (years)

32.5 ± 3.5

BMI (kg/m²)

25.3 ± 5.8

Ethnicity – Caucasian

59 (98.3)

 High school

2 (3.3)

 College

9 (15.0)

 University

49 (81.7)

  < 40,000 $

3 (5.0)

 40,000 – 59,999 $

8 (13.3)

 60,000 – 79,999 $

10 (16.7)

 80,000 – 99,999 $

13 (21.7)

  > 100,000 $

25 (41.7)

Gestational age at baseline (weeks)

9.3 ± 0.7

 None^b

22 (36.7)

 1

33 (55.0)

 2

4 (6.7)

 3

1 (1.7)

 1^st trimester

52 (86.7)

 2^nd trimester

20 (33.3)

 3^rd trimester

14 (23.3)