Table 2 Description of outcomes used in RCT or cohort-based economic evaluations
Study (Year) | Intervention | Outcomes | Outcomes other than maternal and health outcomes | How was the outcome measured and/or valued? | Source | Other outcomes measured in the trial but not used/maybe relevant in the economic evaluation | Outcomes acknowledged but excluded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boath (2003) [39] | PBDU customised treatment | • PND cases recovered | – | CIS | Cohort study | • Anxiety • Work leisure and family life • Marriage quality and other similar dyads | Child and non-health; reasons for their non-inclusion not provided |
Dukhovny (2013) [27] | Telephone-based peer support intervention, access to standard postpartum care | • PND cases averted | – | EPDS (threshold of ≤12 for low risk), SCID | RCT | • Anxiety • Loneliness • Satisfaction with intervention | – |
Hiscock (2007) [26] | Individual structured maternal and child health consultations, a choice of behavioural interventions, ‘controlled crying’ or ‘camping out’ | • Depression symptoms • Mental and physical health scores • Sleep quality and quantity • Infant’s sleep problem (primary outcome) • Infant’s temperament | Child | EPDS (threshold > 9 for PND), SF-12, sleep questions, night waking indicator, Global Infant Temperament Scale | RCT | NA | – |
MacArthura (2003) [31] | Redesigned model of community postnatal care (midwifery-led) | • PND score | – | EPDS (score of ≥13 indicated risk) | RCT | • Physical and Mental Health • Reported morbidity • ‘Good practice’ • Women and professionals views about care | Child; reasons for its non-inclusion not discussed |
Morrella (2000) [32] | Community midwifery support workers | • PND score | – | EPDS (score of ≥12 indicated risk) | RCT | • General health perception • Functional Social Support • Breastfeeding | – |
Morrell (2009) [37] | Health visitor trained to identify and deliver CBA or person-centred approach (listening visits) | • QALY | – | The SF-6D, from a subset of SF-36 questions, was calculated. SF-6D scores estimated using UK tariffs. | RCT | • Proportion of at-risk women (primary) • EPDS score • Physical and mental health • Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation • Anxiety • Perceived stressful impact of having a young child • Couples relationship • Cognitive, social and emotional development of infants • Risk of developing autism | Child, partner/family; these outcomes could not included due to missing data |
Petrou (2006) [33] | Counselling and support package by trained health visitors | • Duration of PND experienced | – | SCID-II | RCT | Unclear what other outcomes were measured in the trial | – |
Price (2015) [29] | Enhanced engagement in home visiting via motivational interviewing and brief intervention (CBT and Interpersonal Therapy) | • Depressive symptoms • Social support | Non-health | Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Sarason’s Social Support Questionnaire-Revised | Cohort study | NA | – |
Sembi (2016) [41] | Telephone peer support | • Depressive symptoms • Parent-infant interaction • Anxiety • Emotional support • Parents’ satisfaction and efficacy in their parenting role • Optimistic self-beliefs • Couples relationship • Infant temperament • Perceptions of interventions • General health | Child, non-health | EPDS (score of > 9 or 10 indicated mild depression), CARE-Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Emotional Support Questionnaire, Parenting Sense of Competence scale, Generalised Self-efficacy Questionnaire, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Infant Temperament Questionnaire and Peer Support Evaluation Inventory, SF-12 | RCT | NA | – |
Wigginsa (2004) [35] | Health visitor support or Community group support | • PND score | – | EPDS (score ≥ 12 indicated high risk) | RCT | • Child injury • Maternal smoking • Social support • Maternal and child health • Infant feeding • Mother-child interaction • Household resources | – |