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Table 4 Individual and facility-level factors associated with Elective Caesarean Section

From: Patterns of caesarean section in HIV infected and non-infected women in Malawi: is caesarean section used for PMTCT?

Item

aOR (95% CI) All Women

(55,443)

p

aOR (95% CI) Women with Unknown HIV status

(n = 4764)

p

aOR (95% CI) HIV- Women

(n = 29,747)

p

aOR (95% CI) HIV+ Women

(n = 20,932)

p

Year of Admission

2010

1

0.03

1

0.01

1

0.02

1

< 0.09

2011

0.63 (0.42–0.94)

0.47 (0.29–0.76)

0.64 (0.43–0.96)

0.84 (0.55–1.30)

2012

0.55 (0.34–0.88)

0.61 (0.31–1.22)

0.53 (0.33–0.86)

0.55 (0.28–1.06)

2013

0.53 (0.35–0.83)

0.40 (0.21–0.78)

0.54 (0.36–0.82)

0.68 (0.39–1.19)

No of deliveries

0

1

< 0.01

1

0.11

1

< 0.01

1

< 0.01

1

0.76 (0.66–0.87)

0.74 (0.57–0.96)

0.77 (0.66–0.90)

0.59 (0.46–0.75)

2–3

0.65 (0.51–0.82)

0.68 (0.42–1.11)

0.65 (0.51–0.83)

0.49 (0.38–0.63)

> 3

0.46 (0.34–0.63)

0.68 (0.40–1.16)

0.45 (0.31–0.65)

0.31 (0.22–0.43)

Age (years)

< 20

1

< 0.01

1

< 0.01

1

< 0.01

1

< 0.01

20–24

1.38 (1.18–1.61)

2.07 (1.42–3.03)

1.29 (1.09–1.53)

1.46 (1.12–1.91)

25–29

1.68 (1.35–2.09)

2.11 (1.21–3.67)

1.60 (1.25–2.06)

1.86 (1.33–2.60)

30–34

1.46 (1.10–1.92)

1.44 (0.81–2.54)

1.37 (1.00–1.88)

2.19 (1.40–3.43)

> 34

1.68 (1.24–2.27)

1.93 (1.07–3.50)

1.58 (1.08–2.32)

2.26 (1.57–3.27)

Singletons

Yes

1

< 0.01

1

0.13

1

< 0.01

1

< 0.01

No

1.98 (1.55–2.54)

1.48 (0.90–2.46)

2.06 (1.54–2.77)

2.27 (1.51–3.41)

ARVs during Pregnancy

None

N/A

 

N/A

 

N/A

 

1

0.04

<4wks

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.96 (0.73–1.27)

≥4wks

N/A

N/A

N/A

0.81 (0.68–0.96)

Facility Ownership

Government

1

0.69

1

0.47

1

0.72

1

0.80

CHAM

1.63 (0.69–3.83

1.19 (0.74–1.91)

1.75 (0.72–4.27)

1.08 (0.59–1.99)

Facility Location

Rural

1

0.03

1

0.01

1

0.03

1

< 0.01

Urban

1.95 (1.06–3.56)

1.52 (1.17–1.98)

2.02 (1.05–3.86)

2.15 (1.27–3.64)

  1. CHAM Christian Health Association of Malawi, aOR adjusted odds ratio, ARVs antiretrovirals