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Table 2 Bivariate analyses showing factors associated with cases and controls

From: Access factors linked to maternal deaths in Lundazi district, Eastern Province of Zambia: a case control study analysing maternal death reviews

Characteristic

Cases (n = 100)

Controls (n = 300)

Total (n = 400)

OR (95% CI)

p-value

7. Presence or absence of risk condition

2.5 (1.40 - 4.30)

0.0006

 Present

51 (51%)

112 (37%)

163 (41%)

  

 Absent

35 (35%)

186 (62%)

221 (55%)

  

 Not known

14 (14%)

2 (1%)

16 (4%)

  

8. Antenatal Care (ANC) attendance

0.12 (0.06–0.22)

 

 Never attended ANC

3 (1%)

22 (22%)

25 (6%)

 

< 0.0001

 1 or more ANC

126 (42%)

63 (63%)

189 (47%)

  

 Completed all visits

171 (57%)

13 (13%)

184 (46%)

  

 Attendance not known

0 (0%)

2 (2%)

2 (1%)

  

9. Presence of complications

3.0 (1.73–5.36)

< 0.0001

 Present

59 (59%)

93 (31%)

152 (38%)

  

 Absent

32 (32%)

207 (69%)

239 (60%)

  

 Not recorded or known

9 (9%)

0 (0%)

9 (2%)

  

10. Any delay to seek health care

4.4 (2.24–9.15)

< 0.0001

 Yes

88 (88%)

188 (63%)

276 (69%)

  

 No

12 (12%)

112 (37%)

124 (31%)

  

11. Delay type

 Delay to make decision

52 (52%)

111 (37%)

163 (40%)

  

 Delay to reach facility

11 (11%)

66 (22%)

77 (19%)

  

 Delay to access service

25 (25%)

11 (4%)

36 (9%)

  

12. Parity

2 (1.04–3.89)

0.0187

 0–4 viable pregnancies

64 (64%)

241 (80%)

305 (76%)

  

 5–7 viable pregnancies

23 (23%)

43 (14.3%)

66 (17%)

  

 ≥ 8 viable pregnancies

13 (13%)

16 (5.3%)

29 (7%)

  

13. Gestational age

1.03 (0.69–1.52)

0.8973

 9 months

66 (66%)

288 (96%)

354 (89%)

  

 Below 9 months

33 (33%)

11 (3.6%)

44 (11%)

  

 Above 9 months

0 (0%)

1 (0.25%)

1 (0%)

  

14. Care time

1.02 (0.87–1.18)

0.8270

 Within 2 h

30 (36%)

22 (11.7%)

52 (19)

  

 Within 24 h

30 (37%)

135 (77%)

175 (65%)

  

 After 24 h

22 (27%)

21 (11%

43 (16%)

  

15. Sought traditional health care

3.6 (2.21–6.02)

< 0.0001

 Yes

55 (55%)

86 (29%)

141 (35%)

  

 No

39 (39%)

210 (70%)

249 (62%)

  

 Not known

6 (6%)

4 (1%)

10 (3%)

  

16. Marital status

1.3 (0.65–2.81)

0.2863

 Married

88 (88%)

255 (85%)

343 (85%)

  

 Not married

12 (12%)

45 (15%)

57 (14)

  

17. Education level of participants

0.5 (0.32–0.92)

0.0107

 No formal education

34 (34%)

65 (22%)

99 (25%)

  

 Primary education

55 (55%)

157 (52%)

212 (53%)

  

 Secondary & above

11 (11%)

78 (26%)

89 (22%)