Characteristic | Cases (n = 100) | Controls (n = 300) | Total (n = 400) | OR (95% CI) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7. Presence or absence of risk condition | 2.5 (1.40 - 4.30) | 0.0006 | |||
Present | 51 (51%) | 112 (37%) | 163 (41%) | ||
Absent | 35 (35%) | 186 (62%) | 221 (55%) | ||
Not known | 14 (14%) | 2 (1%) | 16 (4%) | ||
8. Antenatal Care (ANC) attendance | 0.12 (0.06–0.22) | ||||
Never attended ANC | 3 (1%) | 22 (22%) | 25 (6%) | < 0.0001 | |
1 or more ANC | 126 (42%) | 63 (63%) | 189 (47%) | ||
Completed all visits | 171 (57%) | 13 (13%) | 184 (46%) | ||
Attendance not known | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 2 (1%) | ||
9. Presence of complications | 3.0 (1.73–5.36) | < 0.0001 | |||
Present | 59 (59%) | 93 (31%) | 152 (38%) | ||
Absent | 32 (32%) | 207 (69%) | 239 (60%) | ||
Not recorded or known | 9 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (2%) | ||
10. Any delay to seek health care | 4.4 (2.24–9.15) | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 88 (88%) | 188 (63%) | 276 (69%) | ||
No | 12 (12%) | 112 (37%) | 124 (31%) | ||
11. Delay type | |||||
Delay to make decision | 52 (52%) | 111 (37%) | 163 (40%) | ||
Delay to reach facility | 11 (11%) | 66 (22%) | 77 (19%) | ||
Delay to access service | 25 (25%) | 11 (4%) | 36 (9%) | ||
12. Parity | 2 (1.04–3.89) | 0.0187 | |||
0–4 viable pregnancies | 64 (64%) | 241 (80%) | 305 (76%) | ||
5–7 viable pregnancies | 23 (23%) | 43 (14.3%) | 66 (17%) | ||
≥ 8 viable pregnancies | 13 (13%) | 16 (5.3%) | 29 (7%) | ||
13. Gestational age | 1.03 (0.69–1.52) | 0.8973 | |||
9 months | 66 (66%) | 288 (96%) | 354 (89%) | ||
Below 9 months | 33 (33%) | 11 (3.6%) | 44 (11%) | ||
Above 9 months | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.25%) | 1 (0%) | ||
14. Care time | 1.02 (0.87–1.18) | 0.8270 | |||
Within 2 h | 30 (36%) | 22 (11.7%) | 52 (19) | ||
Within 24 h | 30 (37%) | 135 (77%) | 175 (65%) | ||
After 24 h | 22 (27%) | 21 (11% | 43 (16%) | ||
15. Sought traditional health care | 3.6 (2.21–6.02) | < 0.0001 | |||
Yes | 55 (55%) | 86 (29%) | 141 (35%) | ||
No | 39 (39%) | 210 (70%) | 249 (62%) | ||
Not known | 6 (6%) | 4 (1%) | 10 (3%) | ||
16. Marital status | 1.3 (0.65–2.81) | 0.2863 | |||
Married | 88 (88%) | 255 (85%) | 343 (85%) | ||
Not married | 12 (12%) | 45 (15%) | 57 (14) | ||
17. Education level of participants | 0.5 (0.32–0.92) | 0.0107 | |||
No formal education | 34 (34%) | 65 (22%) | 99 (25%) | ||
Primary education | 55 (55%) | 157 (52%) | 212 (53%) | ||
Secondary & above | 11 (11%) | 78 (26%) | 89 (22%) |