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Table 1 Demographic characteristics with ANC attendance as exposure factor

From: Access factors linked to maternal deaths in Lundazi district, Eastern Province of Zambia: a case control study analysing maternal death reviews

Characteristic

Cases (n = 100)

Controls (n = 300)

Completed ANC (n = 400)

1. Maternal age

 Below 17 years of age

13 (13%)

52 (17%)

9 (14%)

 17–34 years

50 (50%)

193 (64%)

140 (58%)

 Above 34 years

37 (37%)

55 (18%)

35 (38%)

2. Marital status

 Married

88 (88%)

255 (85%)

174 (51%)

 Not married

12 (12%)

45 (15%)

10 (18%)

3. Education level

 No formal education

34 (34%)

65 (22%)

17 (17%)

 Primary education

55 (55%)

157 (52%)

98 (46%)

 Secondary & above

11 (11%)

78 (26%)

69 (78%)

4. Educational level of participant’s husband

 No formal education

12 (12%)

18 (6%)

2 (7%)

 Primary education

62 (62%)

115 (38%)

67 (38%)

 Secondary & above

16 (16%)

122 (41%)

105 (76%)

 No husband

10 (10%)

45 (15%)

10 (30%)

5. Religion

 Christian

90 (90%)

289 (96%)

172 (45%)

 Muslim

8 (8%)

11 (4%)

12 (63%)

 Others

1 (1%)

0 (0%)

2 (50%)

Year of record

   

 2010

18 (18%)

38 (13%)

24 (43%)

 2011

19 (19%)

58 (19%)

38 (49%)

 2012

21 (21%)

58 (19%)

36 (38%)

 2013

18 (18%)

58 (19%)

29 (38%)

 2014

15 (15%)

53 (18%)

30 (44%)

 2015a

9 (9%)

35 (12%)

27 (61%)

6. Distance from health facility

 Within 5 Km radius

37 (37%)

135 (45%)

98 (57%)

 Beyond 5 Km radius

63 (63%)

165 (55%)

86 (37%)

  1. aData collection for the year 2015 was only for 9 months compared to full calendar years for the other 5 years