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Table 2 Obstetric outcomes and indications for operative delivery

From: De-medicalization of birth by reducing the use of oxytocin for augmentation among first-time mothers – a prospective intervention study

 

Before the intervention n = 431

 

After the intervention n = 664

  

n

%

n

%

p-value

Water as pain relief

105

24.4

224

33.7

0.001

Epidural analgesia

280

65.0

409

61.6

0.26

Pudendal analgesia

28

6.5

106

16

< 0.001

Amniotomy

206

47.8

275

41.4

0.04

Episiotomy

141

32.7

215

32.4

0.91

Third degree perineal tears

7

1.6

14

2.1

0.67

Mean blood loss in ml (SD)

435 (257)

 

462 (299)

 

0.11

Spontaneous vaginal birth

286

66.4

453

68.2

0.55

Operative vaginal delivery

116

26.9

143

21.5

0.04

Indications for Operative vaginal birth

     

Dystocia

34

29.3

66

46.2

0.01

Asphyxia

61

52.6

69

48.2

0.53

Other reasons

21

18.1

8

5.6

0.002

Emergency caesarean section

29

6.7

68

10.2

0.05

Indications for CS

     

Dystocia

17

58.6

34

50.0

0.51

Asphyxia

9

31

26

38.3

0.64

Other reasons

3

10.3

8

11.7

0.57