Table 5 A decomposition of changes in 4+ antenatal visits and use of skilled attendants during delivery in Ghana between 1998 and 2014

Pr_0

0.8771

0.8766

0.9139

0.8976

0.8065

0.7570

0.7352

0.9318

0.8106

0.5355

Pr_1

0.6451

0.6238

0.7544

0.6562

0.5921

0.4565

0.4168

0.7529

0.5350

0.1586

Difference

0.2319

0.2527

0.1596

0.2414

0.2144

0.3006

0.3184

0.1790

0.2756

0.3769

Explained

0.0461

0.0242

0.0224

0.0474

0.0863

0.0991

0.0342

0.1857

0.1243

0.1332

Woman’s Age

0.0042

0.0066

0.0118

0.0073

−0.0008

0.0029

0.0054

0.0036

0.0115^**

−0.0018

(0.0030)

(0.0059)

(0.0105)

(0.0057)

(0.0032)

(0.0018)

(0.0043)

(0.0069)

(0.0057)

(0.0019)

%

9.1

27.3

52.7

15.4

−0.9

2.9

15.8

1.9

9.3

−1.4

Birth Order

0.0008

0.0009

0.0205

−0.0009

0.0008

0.0012

0.0027

−0.0033

−0.0044

−0.0004

(0.0027)

(0.0049)

(0.0130)

(0.0052)

(0.0034)

(0.0020)

(0.0040)

(0.0090)

(0.0055)

(0.0025)

%

1.7

3.7

91.5

−1.9

0.9

1.2

7.9

−1.8

−3.5

−0.3

Woman’s Education

0.0062^***

0.0078^*

−0.0060

0.0024

0.0124^***

0.0119^***

0.0149^***

0.0209

0.0036

0.0153^***

(0.0022)

(0.0043)

(0.0136)

(0.0033)

(0.0043)

(0.0028)

(0.0056)

(0.0138)

(0.0031)

(0.0056)

%

13.4

32.2

−26.8

5.1

14.4

12.0

43.6

11.3

2.9

11.5

Partner’s Education

−0.0006

−0.0037

0.0190^*

−0.0006

0.0058

0.0030

−0.0030

−0.0022

0.0088^**

0.0161^***

(0.0022)

(0.0042)

(0.0104)

(0.0039)

(0.0046)

(0.0025)

(0.0048)

(0.0088)

(0.0044)

(0.0058)

%

−1.3

−15.3

84.8

−1.3

6.7

3.0

−8.8

−1.2

7.1

12.1

Ethnicity

0.0039^*

−0.0007

−0.0142

0.0039

0.0005

0.0051^***

0.0015

−0.0012

0.0064**

0.0004

(0.0022)

(0.0023)

(0.0094)

(0.0029)

(0.0025)

(0.0019)

(0.0027)

(0.0110)

(0.0030)

(0.0026)

%

8.5

−2.9

−63.4

8.2

0.6

5.1

4.4

−0.6

5.1

0.3

Muslim Dummy

−0.0002

−0.0029

−0.0034

−0.0015

−0.0036

0.0007

−0.0005

−0.0078

−0.0005

0.0084^***

(0.0006)

(0.0022)

(0.0058)

(0.0016)

(0.0038)

(0.0006)

(0.0032)

(0.0093)

(0.0010)

(0.0032)

%

−0.4

−12.0

−15.2

−3.2

−4.2

0.7

−1.5

−4.2

−0.4

6.3

No. of Elderly Women

0.0000

0.0003

−0.0024

0.0002

−0.0041^***

0.0000

−0.0045^**

0.0068

−0.0001

−0.0021^*

(0.0003)

(0.0016)

(0.0034)

(0.0011)

(0.0014)

(0.0002)

(0.0022)

(0.0115)

(0.0012)

(0.0011)

%

0

1.2

−10.7

0.4

−4.8

0.0

−13.2

3.7

−0.1

−1.6

Household Wealth

0.0074^***

0.0207^***

0.0117

0.0049

0.0002

0.0116^***

0.0209^***

−0.0028

0.0130^***

−0.0050

(0.0025)

(0.0070)

(0.0152)

(0.0030)

(0.0050)

(0.0020)

(0.0073)

(0.0077)

(0.0041)

(0.0044)

%

16.1

85.5

52.2

10.3

0.2

11.7

61.1

−1.5

10.5

−3.8

Eco Zones

−0.0026

−0.0012

(0.0027)

(0.0020)

%

−5.6

−1.2

Water and Sanitation

0.0298^***

0.0037

−0.0110

0.0259^**

0.0724^***

0.0486^***

−0.0114

0.1693^***

0.0654^***

0.0945^***

(0.0082)

(0.0116)

(0.0398)

(0.0128)

(0.0141)

(0.0088)

(0.0132)

(0.0278)

(0.0162)

(0.0122)

%

64.6

15.3

−49.1

54.6

83.9

49.0

−33.3

91.2

52.6

70.9

Rural Dummy

−0.0028

−0.0086^*

−0.0036

0.0058

0.0028

0.0152^***

0.0083^*

0.0027

0.0208^***

0.0081

(0.0036)

(0.0045)

(0.0076)

(0.0068)

(0.0046)

(0.0038)

(0.0045)

(0.0069)

(0.0073)

(0.0050)

%

−6.1

−35.5

−16.1

12.2

3.2

15.3

24.3

1.5

16.7

6.1

Observations

6386

1809

543

1969

2065

6444

1816

547

1992

2089