Table 4 Determinants of use of skilled birth attendants in Ghana – marginal effect estimates

Woman’s_Age

0.0228^***

0.0274^*

0.0051

0.0293^**

0.0002

(0.0087)

(0.0160)

(0.0103)

(0.0143)

(0.0193)

Woman’s age Square

−0.0002^*

−0.0003

−0.0000

−0.0003

0.0000

(0.0001)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0002)

(0.0003)

Birth Order: 2nd Birth

−0.1202^***

−0.1098^**

− 0.0488^*

−0.1756^***

−0.0899

(0.0271)

(0.0487)

(0.0292)

(0.0519)

(0.0633)

Birth Order: 3rd Birth

−0.1828^***

−0.1603^***

−0.1066^*

−0.2449^***

−0.1285^**

(0.0329)

(0.0594)

(0.0551)

(0.0673)

(0.0573)

Birth Order: 4th Birth

−0.2313^***

−0.2586^***

−0.0876^*

−0.2780^***

−0.1579^**

(0.0311)

(0.0600)

(0.0477)

(0.0541)

(0.0704)

Woman’s Education: Primary

0.0517^***

−0.0141

0.0058

0.0299

0.1649^***

(0.0189)

(0.0378)

(0.0133)

(0.0290)

(0.0458)

Woman’s Education: Secondary

0.1460^***

0.1208^***

0.0939^***

0.1124^***

0.1383^**

(0.0190)

(0.0334)

(0.0314)

(0.0309)

(0.0564)

Woman’s Education: Tetiary

0.2913^***

0.0337^*

(0.0284)

(0.0181)

Partner Education: Primary

0.0804^***

0.0033

−0.1007

0.0512

0.1602^***

(0.0206)

(0.0468)

(0.0847)

(0.0328)

(0.0443)

Partner Education: Secondary

0.0807^***

0.0346

−0.0397^**

0.0544

0.1464^***

(0.0208)

(0.0396)

(0.0173)

(0.0358)

(0.0399)

Partner Education: Tetiary

0.1617^***

0.1422^**

−0.0019

0.1432^***

0.2039^**

(0.0294)

(0.0595)

(0.0412)

(0.0423)

(0.0895)

Muslim Dummy

−0.0829^***

−0.0541

−0.0003

−0.0340

−0.1504^***

(0.0240)

(0.0369)

(0.0167)

(0.0351)

(0.0429)

Ethnicity: Ga/Dangme

−0.0323

0.0317

0.0386^***

−0.1217^**

(0.0449)

(0.0909)

(0.0137)

(0.0556)

Ethnicity: Ewe and Guan

0.0036

0.0154

0.0136

−0.0619

−0.3282^***

(0.0310)

(0.0405)

(0.0161)

(0.0457)

(0.0540)

Ethnicity: Northern Groups

0.0568^*

0.0440

0.0302^**

0.0168

−0.4162^***

(0.0330)

(0.0652)

(0.0133)

(0.0351)

(0.0522)

Ethnicity: Others

0.0134

−0.0431

0.0075

0.0203

−0.3974^***

(0.0472)

(0.0854)

(0.0228)

(0.0632)

(0.0330)

Number of Elderly Women in HH

−0.0072

0.0171

0.0023

0.0278

−0.0444^*

(0.0112)

(0.0224)

(0.0041)

(0.0220)

(0.0252)

Wealth Quintile: Poorer

0.0145

0.0568

−0.0676

0.0110

0.0390

(0.0218)

(0.0409)

(0.0454)

(0.0289)

(0.0508)

Wealth Quintile: Middle

0.0945^***

0.1140^**

−0.0195

0.1030^***

0.2134^***

(0.0232)

(0.0460)

(0.0395)

(0.0308)

(0.0827)

Wealth Quintile: Richer

0.1745^***

0.2395^***

−0.0129

0.1582^***

0.2645^***

(0.0239)

(0.0425)

(0.0329)

(0.0334)

(0.0963)

Wealth Quintile: Richest

0.2197^***

0.1724^***

0.0311

0.2039^***

0.3937^***

(0.0277)

(0.0578)

(0.0390)

(0.0319)

(0.0895)

Eco_Zone: Greater Accra

0.0319

(0.0553)

Eco_Zone: Middle

0.0754^***

(0.0242)

Eco_Zone: Northern

0.0019

(0.0388)

Rural Dummy

−0.1455^***

−0.1340^***

−0.0719

−0.1032^***

−0.2030^***

(0.0245)

(0.0386)

(0.0523)

(0.0371)

(0.0717)

NSCPHGW

0.1241^***

−0.0679

0.0386

0.0903^**

0.3738^***

(0.0355)

(0.0652)

(0.0464)

(0.0426)

(0.0933)

NSCPHFT

0.2588^***

0.5073^***

0.0633^*

0.1851

0.3942

(0.0891)

(0.1681)

(0.0339)

(0.1270)

(0.3705)

Year 2014

0.2874^***

0.2757^***

0.0523^**

0.2194^***

0.4062^***

(0.0242)

(0.0398)

(0.0227)

(0.0366)

(0.0428)

N

6444

1770

547

1944

2045

pseudo R²

0.284

0.198

0.456

0.232

0.317

p

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000

0.0000